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Xenotransplantation of a Porcine Kidney for End-Stage Kidney Disease
Abstract
Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the organ shortage crisis. A 62-year-old hemodialysis-dependent man with long-standing diabetes, advanced vasculopathy, and marked dialysis-access challenges received a gene-edited porcine kidney with 69 genomic edits, including deletion of three glycan antigens, inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses, and insertion of seven human transgenes. The xenograft functioned immediately. The patient's creatinine levels decreased promptly and progressively, and dialysis was no longer needed. After a T-cell-mediated rejection episode on day 8, intensified immunosuppression reversed rejection. Despite sustained kidney function, the patient died from unexpected, sudden cardiac causes on day 52; autopsy revealed severe coronary artery disease and ventricular scarring without evident xenograft rejection. (Funded by Massachusetts General Hospital and eGenesis.).
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Eisenson, D. L., Schulick, A. C., Chen, W., Santillan, M. R., Cole, M., Hisadome, Y., Shirini, K., Gu, D., Nguyen, V., Ciftci, Y., et al. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70113 · Cited by 1
Cortinovis, M., Perico, N., & Remuzzi, G. (2026) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2026.151687 · Cited by 1
Summary Report From the WTC 2025: Focus on the Recent Advancements in Xenotransplantation
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Xenotransplantation in Nephrology: A Narrative Review
O’Regan, A., Thornton, J., Clark, E. K. R., & Kant, S. (2026) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm16030161 · Cited by 1
Integrative analysis of swine infectious diseases in the context of xenotransplantation
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Self-citationPublic Awareness and Acceptance of Xenotransplantation: A National Survey in China
Kuang, H., Hong, X., Zhao, J., Wang, J., 窦科峰, & Zhang, X. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70117 · Cited by 1
Lee, H., Kim, S. E., Lee, W. K., Oh, M., Lee, S., No, J.-G., Park, M., Kim, S., Do, M.-H., & Oh, K. B. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70124 · Cited by 1
Hara, H., Yun, I. J., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70125 · Cited by 1
Tang, W., Zhou, J., Zhao, S., Li, X., Chen, X., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Gu, B., & Tan, Q. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70127 · Cited by 1
Terashita, M., Kinoshita, K., Satou, R., Katsurada, A., Lavalla, G. E., Maenaka, A., Hidaka, Y., Rosales, I. A., Ayares, D., Kawai, T., et al. (2026) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.70129 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGennuso, V. N., Wang, Z., Reyes, L. M., Tector, M., & Tector, A. J. (2026) · Transplantation Direct · doi:10.1097/txd.0000000000001948 · Cited by 1
Kanbay, M., Çöpür, S., Capasso, G., Türkmen, K., Delanaye, P., Bruchfeld, A. N., ElHafeez, S. A., Ferro, C. J., Verhaar, M. C., Pesce, F., et al. (2026) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfag136 · Cited by 1
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Li, T., Li, J., Jin, S., Liu, L., Hara, H., Gan, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., He, S., Zhao, T., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1805268 · Cited by 1
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Bühler, B. D., Taeye, S. D., Kinoshita, K., Terashita, M., Maenaka, A., Lavalla, G., Burdorf, L., Bottino, R., & Cooper, D. K. C. (2026) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db25-0769 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCan european law keep pace with biomedical innovation? The reinvention of transplantation regulation
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Clinical Xenotransplantation: A Suggested Next Step
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kawai, T., Williams, W. W., Elias, N., Fishman, J. A., Crisalli, K., Longchamp, A., Rosales, I. A., Duggan, M., Kimura, S., Morena, L., Borges, T. J., Tomosugi, T., Karadagi, A., Nakamura, T., Safa, K., Giarraputo, A., Avillach, C. T., Patalas, E. D., Smith, R. N., Sachs, D. H., Cosimi, A. B., Madsen, J. C., Cooper, D. K. C., Pierson, R., Perrin, S., Anand, R. P., Chhangawala, S., Coscarella, M., Daigneault, A., Li, F., Pearce, O., Qin, W., Serkin, W. T., Yeung, V., Getchell, K., Low, S. C., Curtis, M., Colvin, R. B., & Riella, L. V.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA
- ORCID
- Kawai, Tatsuo
- Williams, Winfred W.
- Elias, Nahel
- Fishman, Jay A.
- Crisalli, Kerry
- Longchamp, Alban
- Rosales, Ivy A.
- Kimura, Shoko
- Borges, Thiago J.
- Tomosugi, Toshihide
- Karadagi, Ahmad
- Nakamura, Tsukasa
- Safa, Kassem
- Giarraputo, Alessia
- Avillach, Claire T.
- Patalas, Eva D.
- Sachs, David H.
- Madsen, Joren C.
- Cooper, David K.C.
- Anand, Ranjith P.
- Chhangawala, Sagar
- Li, Feng
- Qin, Wenning
- Serkin, William T.
- Getchell, Kristen
- Low, Susan C.
- Colvin, Robert B.
- Riella, Leonardo V.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2025-05-15
- Volume
- 392
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1933-1940
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W4407259548
- Semantic Scholar
- dc3137c82b6a5c9c96b26a1d6d2806b17cea3a4a
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 72
- FWCI
- 128.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI090959)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Xenotransplantation and immune response
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Keywords
- xenotransplantation, porcine kidney, end-stage renal disease, gene-edited pigs, porcine endogenous retroviruses, T cell-mediated rejection, immunosuppression, hemodialysis dependence, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, organ shortage
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Coronary Artery Disease, Graft Rejection, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Kidney, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Swine, Transplantation, Heterologous, Kidney Transplantation, Fatal Outcome, Animals, Genetically Modified, Heterografts
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