Lost in thought—the limits of the human mind and the future of medicine
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Interview with Dr. Ziad Obermeyer on how collaboration between doctors and computers will help improve medical care. (11:26)Download The complexity of medicine now exceeds the capacity of the human mind. Computers are the solution, but using them to manage this complexity will require fundamental changes in the way we think about thinking, and in the structure of medical education and research.
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Humans are incapable of the level of exposure or retention required by the growing medical information, and the magnitude has created substantial levels of stress-induced mental illness among learners.
“Humans are not only incapable of this level of exposure or retention, but the magnitude has also created substantial levels of stress-induced mental illness among learners (57).”
From Accessing Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Decision-Making (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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Cui, X., Chang, Y., Yang, C., Cong, Z., Wang, B., & Leng, Y. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13010050 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A Surgeon’s Guide to Machine Learning
Lammers, D. T., Eckert, C., Ahmad, M. A., Bingham, J. R., & Eckert, M. J. (2021) · Annals of Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/as9.0000000000000091 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Machine Learning for Renal Pathologies: An Updated Survey
Magherini, R., Mussi, E., Volpe, Y., Furferi, R., Buonamici, F., & Servi, M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22134989 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Saving Lives With Algorithm-Enabled Process Innovation for Sepsis Care
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The challenge of implementing AI models in the ICU
Norrie, J. D. (2018) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30412-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shelmerdine, S. C., Naidoo, J., Kelly, B. S., Laborie, L. B., Toso, S., D’Antonoli, T. A., Arthurs, O. J., Blumer, S. L., Ciet, P., Damasio, M. B., et al. (2025) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-025-06386-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Obermeyer, Z., & Lee, T. H.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2017-09-28
- Volume
- 377
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1209-1211
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC5754014
- OpenAlex
- W2758348074
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 16.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP5OD012161)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in healthcare, human-computer collaboration, limits of human cognition, clinical complexity, medical education, medical research, future of medicine, clinical decision support
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Decision Making, Forecasting, Humans, Medicine, Thinking, Datasets as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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