Problems with Using Polygenic Scores to Select Embryos
Open accessAbstract
Companies have recently begun to sell a new service to patients considering in vitro fertilization: embryo selection based on polygenic scores (ESPS). These scores represent individualized predictions of health and other outcomes derived from genomewide association studies in adults to partially predict these outcomes. This article includes a discussion of many factors that lower the predictive power of polygenic scores in the context of embryo selection and quantifies these effects for a variety of clinical and nonclinical traits. Also discussed are potential unintended consequences of ESPS (including selecting for adverse traits, altering population demographics, exacerbating inequalities in society, and devaluing certain traits). Recommendations for the responsible communication about ESPS by practitioners are provided, and a call for a society-wide conversation about this technology is made. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging and others.).
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Our results do not support any immediate medical or clinical applications, such as polygenic prediction in direct-to-consumer services.
“our results do not support any immediate medical or clinical applications, such as polygenic prediction in direct-to-consumer services49,50.”
From Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
The Clinical Outcomes section (page unavailable) says the clinical utility of polygenic scores among adults still needs research and that predictive power is lower for embryo selection. The Discussion (page unavailable) cautions companies offering embryo-selection services about communicating uncertain benefits. These passages support caution about that application, but not the broader claim that the paper's results rule out any immediate medical or clinical use of polygenic prediction, including direct-to-consumer services generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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“Particular concerns about the risk of genetic discrimination and eugenics are raised with regard to the application of PRSs for embryo screening (Treff et al., 2019; Tellier et al., 2021; Turley et al., 2021); most recently for pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) (Kozlov, 2022) and premature direct-to-consumer gene…”
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“The National Society of Genetic Counselors strongly discourages the use of PRS in these situations given the lack of validity or utility in this population for risk prediction (Turley et al., 2021).”
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“2019; Wald and Old 2019), PGS are increasingly becoming available through direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing companies, including in sensitive and controversial contexts, such as psychiatric conditions and preimplantation genetic testing of embryos after in vitro fertilization (Docherty et al. 2021; Lewis and Vassos 202…”
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Polygenic risk scoring of human embryos: a qualitative study of media coverage
Pagnaer, T., Siermann, M., Borry, P., & Tšuiko, O. (2021) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-021-00694-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Reddi, H. V., Wand, H., Funke, B., Zimmermann, M. T., Lebo, M. S., Qian, E., Shirts, B. H., Zou, Y. S., Zhang, B. M., Rose, N. C., et al. (2023) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gim.2023.100804 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A review of normative documents on preimplantation genetic testing: Recommendations for PGT-P.
Siermann, M., Tšuiko, O., Vermeesch, J., Raivio, T., & Borry, P. (2022) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The science fiction science method
Rahwan, I., Shariff, A., & Bonnefon, J. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09194-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Embryo screening Fertility clinics are only in the very early stages of providing parents with the option to choose or reject specific genetic traits in their offspring [74].”
Embryo Screening for Polygenic Disease Risk: Recent Advances and Ethical Considerations
Tellier, L. C. A. M., Eccles, J., Treff, N. R., Lello, L., Fishel, S. B., & Hsu, S. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12081105 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“[38] have also computed risk reductions for a variety of conditions, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease.”
BackgroundHeritable polygenic editing: the next frontier in genomic medicine?
Visscher, P. M., Gyngell, C., Yengo, L., & Savulescu, J. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08300-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The birth of Lulu and Nana was followed by the birth of Aurea—the first child born via embryo screening using polygenic scores (ESPS 9 ).”
Self-citationSocial-Science Genomics: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
Benjamin, D., Cesarini, D., Turley, P., & Young, A. S. (2024) · doi:10.3386/w32404 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBarlevy, D., Cenolli, I., Campbell, T., Furrer, R., Mukherjee, M., Kostick, K. M., Carmi, S., Lencz, T., Lázaro‐Muñoz, G., & Pereira, S. (2024) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-024-03074-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Interestingly, though PES is marketed and usually discussed as a tool for embryo selection [7], we found that clinicians and patients sometimes envisioned PES being used to prepare for the birth of a predisposed or “affected” individual.”
Siermann, M., Valcke, O., Vermeesch, J. R., Raivio, T., Tšuiko, O., & Borry, P. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116599 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Clarke, A. J., & van El, C. V. (2022) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-022-02453-w · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations
Chen, T.-T., Kim, J., Lam, M., Chuang, Y.-F., Chiu, Y.-L., Lin, S.-C., Jung, S.-H., Kim, B., Kim, S., Cho, C., et al. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…like to highlight that while understanding the genetic basis of EduYears (as a proxy phenotype) may improve our insights of other relevant health outcomes, our results do not support any immediate medical or clinical applications, such as polygenic prediction in direct-to-consumer services 49,50 .”
Should preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic disease be offered to all – or none?
Treff, N. R., Savulescu, J., de Melo‐Martín, I., SHULMAN, L. P., & Feinberg, E. C. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Horer, S., Feichtinger, M., Rosner, M., & Hengstschläger, M. (2023) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.1093/stcltm/szad042 · Cited by 17
Park, J. K., & Lu, C. Y. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13040573 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“, the probability that an individual will develop a given disease in their lifetime) [20] or relative risk (which some have argued is misleading for explaining the benefits of PGS in some contexts) [21].”
BackgroundSiermann, M., Claesen, Z., Pasquier, L., Raivio, T., Tšuiko, O., Vermeesch, J., & Borry, P. (2022) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-021-00573-w · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Additionally, dilemmas about the scientific limitations of the technology such as the limited predictive power and clinical utility, the impact of this technology on the well-being of child and parents and the society and whether society is ready for this technology are raised (Lazaro-Munoz et al. 2021; Pagnaer et al.…”
BackgroundFertility counseling in women with hereditary cancer syndromes.
Somigliana, E., Costantini, M., Filippi, F., Terenziani, M., Riccaboni, A., Nicotra, V., Rago, R., Paffoni, A., Mencaglia, L., Magnolfi, S., et al. (2022) · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103604 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pereira, S., Muñoz, K. A., Small, B. J., Soda, T., Torgerson, L. N., Sanchez, C. E., Austin, J., Storch, E. A., & Lázaro‐Muñoz, G. (2022) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32912 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…and policy issues already present in screening embryos for monogenic conditions, and it also poses new challenges, including the ability to screen for risk for psychiatric conditions, as well as traits (e.g., height, intelligence) (Karavani et al., 2019; Lencz et al., 2021; Turley et al., 2021).”
BackgroundThe biology of mental disorders: progress at last
Hyman, S. E. (2023) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_02038 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“59 Risk prediction has already been offered for a variety of genetically complex conditions, such as coronary artery disease, idiopathic short stature, type 2 diabetes, and schizophrenia.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKapellou, A., Salata, E., Vrachnos, D. M., Papailia, S. I., & Vittas, S. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050578 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Based on expert consensus, the current limitations in predictive accuracy and lingering scientific uncertainties argue against the widespread use of PRSs in T2DM genetic screening [25].”
Polygenic risk scores and embryonic screening: considerations for regulation
Haining, C., Savulescu, J., Keogh, L., & Schaefer, G. (2024) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2024-110145 · Cited by 13
“11 However, these considerations must be carefully weighed against other research projects competing for scarce funding and resources.”
InfluentialA genetics-guided approach to the clinical management of schizophrenia
Besterman, A. D. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.042 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“There are several potential unintended consequences of this approach, such as selecting for adverse traits, altering population demographics, exacerbating inequalities in society, and devaluing certain traits (Turley et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSingaporean attitudes to cognitive enhancement: a cross-sectional survey
Haining, C., Toh, H. J., Savulescu, J., & Schaefer, G. (2025) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2024-110490 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“While PES is not widely available and contested, 1–6 there is evidence that PES has been used in China 7 and is being offered commercially by a small number of companies in the USA.”
Coster, T. D., Zhao, Y., Tšuiko, O., Demyda-Peyrás, S., Soom, A. V., Vermeesch, J., & Smits, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48103-7 · Cited by 10
“While the initiation of human embryo selection based on PGT-P poses several ethical and technical problems 78–82 , the development of PGT-P in horses can be valuable for assessing important equine polygenic disorders like osteochondrosis dissecans 83–85 or insect bite hypersensitivity 86 and traits…”
The estimation of environmental and genetic parental influences
Balbona, J. V., Kim, Y., & Keller, M. C. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000761 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“, the additive effect of measured genetic variants), and genetic contributions are only one component of overall risk (Turley et al., 2021).”
Stem cell-based human embryo models: current knowledge and open questions
Rosner, M., Horer, S., Kiss, I., & Hengstschläger, M. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04581-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…embryos in the blastocyst stage prior to their transfer into a uterus can be performed upon non-invasive assessment of morphological and morphokinetic parameters or upon embryonic cell biopsy-based aneuploidy screening, single gene disorder analysis, or genetic screening for polygenic traits [86].”
Sun, Y., Tenesa, A., & Vines, J. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713567 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The potential use of PRS under different contexts, such as embryo selection [121], insurance [134] or school settings (academic achievements [109] and bullying [108]), invites important discussions on privacy, fairness, and the ethical implications of such technologies.”
Prenatal and preimplantation testing for monogenic kidney disorders.
Knoers, N. (2024) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2024.06.031 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chin, A. H. B., Lim, L., & Muhsin, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2023-109195 · Cited by 9
“18 Hence, these two afore-mentioned articles 16 17 lucidly illustrate the technical limitations, misinformation and other hazards associated with the wide-spread adoption of PGT-P in IVF treatment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSiermann, M., van der Schoot, V., Bunnik, E., & Borry, P. (2024) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deae049 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
de Hemptinne, M., & Posthuma, D. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01333-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Non, A. L., & Cerdeña, J. P. (2023) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-023-10162-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Beyond the potential misuse of PGS data for eugenicist rhetoric, PGS are currently being used in embryo selection, according to recent reports (Turley et al. 2021).”
MethodRank concordance of polygenic indices
Muslimova, D., Pereira, R. D., von Hinke, S., van Kippersluis, H., Rietveld, C. A., & Meddens, S. F. W. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01544-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Confronting ethical and social issues related to the genetics of musicality
Gordon, R. L., Martschenko, D. O., Nayak, S., Niarchou, M., Morrison, M. D., Bell, E., Jacoby, N., & Davis, L. K. (2023) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14972 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The First Baby Born After Polygenic Embryo Screening
Kamenova, K., & Haidar, H. (2022) · Voices in Bioethics · doi:10.52214/vib.v8i.9467 · Cited by 8
Ethical, anticipatory genomics research on human behavior means celebrating disagreement
Martschenko, D. O., & Trejo, S. (2021) · Human Genetics and Genomics Advances · doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100080 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Polygenic scores are limited in their utility and validity for several reasons, including 1) large amounts of measurement error due to finite genome-wide association study samples, 2) the fact that they capture only the effects of common genetic variants, 3) confounding from nongenetic factors, such as indirect geneti…”
BackgroundForetelling the Future: Preimplantation Genetic Testing and the Coming of Polygenic Embryo Screening
Smolarczyk, R., Szeliga, A., Duszewska, A., Kostrzak, A., Rudnicka, E., Szczęsnowicz, A., Kunicki, M., Bochynska, S., Bala, G. P., Męczekalski, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14113885 · Cited by 7
“While PRS exhibits significant reliability for diseases such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and breast cancer, its reliability diminishes for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, dementia, and many others [11,25,28,66,79].”
Xu, J., IGUDESMAN, D. A., Huckins, L. M., & Bulik, C. M. (2025) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2025.01.007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence as a door opener for a new era of human reproduction
Hengstschläger, M. (2023) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoad043 · Cited by 7
“…with non-invasive morphological quality assessment and morphokinetic analysis of embryos, progressed to aneuploidy screening and testing for single gene disorders on biopsied embryonic cells and has already reached the level of screening for polygenic conditions and traits (Turley et al. , 2021).”
BackgroundOgbunugafor, C. B., & Edge, M. D. (2022) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Several recent papers have taken up the related question of how embryo selection on the basis of polygenic scores might perform (Karavani et al. 2019; Lencz et al. 2021; Turley et al. 2021).”
Use of preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic disorders (PGT-P): an Ethics Committee opinion.
Klipstein, S., Abhari, S., Amato, P., Arjunan, A., Bakare, T., Bergman, K., Bayefsky, M., Beyhan, Z., Cameron, K., Crockin, S., et al. (2025) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.10.023 · Cited by 6
Xu, C., Chen, S., Zou, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, C., Xu, C., Xia, Y., Chen, G., Li, J., Lu, S., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112226 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Polygenic embryo screening: quo vadis?
Siermann, M., Vermeesch, J., Raivio, T., Tšuiko, O., & Borry, P. (2024) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-024-03169-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the impact of (changes in) the environment on disease development and phenotype cannot be accounted for with PRS and thus with PGT-P [21, 23, 28].”
InfluentialGinod, P., & Dahan, M. H. (2024) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1782618 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“11,55 It should be acknowledged that most, if not all, embryos will test positive for at least a future riskof some polygenic conditions, and still be implanted due to a more favorable EHS than other embryos.”
Survey of U.S. reproductive medicine clinicians’ attitudes on polygenic embryo screening
Furrer, R., Barlevy, D., Gandhi, A., Carmi, S., Lencz, T., Pereira, S., & Lázaro-Muñoz, G. (2025) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-025-00530-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Although studies have shown that computing polygenic scores for embryos is technically possible, the relatively small number of embryos, the scores ’ inconsistent performance across different populations and environments, and their low predictive accuracy remain practical limitations 4,6,8,10 .”
Predicting the direction of phenotypic difference
Gokhman, D., Harris, K. D., Carmi, S., & Greenbaum, G. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581566 · Cited by 4
“One of the most intriguing uses of phenotypic inference is its potential to pre-409 dict an individual’s susceptibility to a particular disease.”
BackgroundZappala, M. A. P., Ariza, L., & Lima, N. S. (2023) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/s41292-023-00313-y · Cited by 4
“Estimations rely essentially on the same methodology used for DTC polygenic testing, in which risk for embryos is calculated by tallying the scores of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified through studies carried out in adults (Turley et al. 2021; Orchid 2022b).”
Wilkins-Haug, L., Amor, D., & Savulescu, J. (2022) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6156 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The complexities of relative versus absolute risk, as well as the potential for pleiotropic, unintended associated selection, (such as increase in bipolar disease with increased IQ) are challenging concepts to present.(21) Many other questions remain for the debaters to address.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenomic aspects in reproductive medicine
Go, M., & Shim, S. H. (2024) · Daehan saengsik uihak hoeji/Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · doi:10.5653/cerm.2023.06303 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“These polygenic risk scores are obtained through GWAS of a population, and thus may vary among different populations [88].”
BackgroundIncreasing equity in science requires better ethics training: A course by trainees, for trainees
Patel, R. A., Ungar, R. A., Pyke, A. L., Adimoelja, A., Chakraborty, M., Cotter, D. J., Freund, M. K., Goddard, P. C., Gomez‐Stafford, J., Greenwald, E., et al. (2024) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100554 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“1,3,55,56 For the penultimate class, we brought students to the Stanford library to directly engage with historical documents.”
Denbow, J., & Spira, T. (2023) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/725832 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Polygenic risk scores in clinical applications – opportunities and challenges
Schumacher, J., Nöthen, M., & Heilmann-Heimbach, S. (2026) · Medizinische Genetik · doi:10.1515/medgen-2026-3016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“PRS-based embryo selection has been critically assessed in the scientific literature both on ethical and on methodological grounds [40–42].”
Chin, A. H. B., Alon, I., Bosenge-Nguma, J.-D., Sun, N.-Y., & Yang, J. (2026) · Asian Bioethics Review · doi:10.1007/s41649-025-00368-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Both Karavani et al. (2019) and Turley et al. (2021) have predicted modest gains with polygenic embryo screening.”
InfluentialPreimplantation genetic testing for polygenic diseases: A novel paradigm in embryo selection
Jing, T., & Du, Y. (2026) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102532
“PGT-P have been consistently reported the potential for substantial relative risk reduction (RRR) of polygenic diseases [16 – 18 , 42].”
InfluentialGinn, L. A., Merner, A., Trotter, P. M., Craig, K. P., Martinez, A. C., Battaglino, A., Barlevy, D., Ayton, D. M., Soda, T., Storch, E. A., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.70011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…as those surrounding family planning, or in polygenic embryo screening (PES) to select in vitro fertilized embryos for implantation (Barlevy et al. 2024; Fox et al. 2024; Furrer et al. 2023, 2024; Lázaro-Muñoz et al. 2021; Munday and Savulescu 2021; Pereira, Carmi, et al. 2022; Turley et al. 2021).”
Wu, X.-J., Pan, J.-X., Zhu, Y.-M., & Huang, H.-F. (2023) · Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0440 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Idealisations and the aims of polygenic scores
Serpico, D. (2023) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.10.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Muslimova, D., Pereira, R., von Hinke, S., van Kippersluis, H., Rietveld, C. A., & Meddens, S. F. W. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490435 · Cited by 2
Komorowski, A., & Feinberg, E. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.019 · Cited by 2
Fields, D., & Asbury, K. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-05966-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Commercial companies have begun to use GPSs for screening purposes, albeit prematurely (Munday & Savulescu, 2021 ; Turley et al., 2021; Lázaro-Muñoz et al., 2021 ).”
BackgroundAn introduction to polygenic scores – methodological basics and recent advances
Klinkhammer, H., Mayr, A., & Maj, C. (2026) · Medizinische Genetik · doi:10.1515/medgen-2026-3009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In addition, such applications raise substantial concerns about the potential for eugenic misuse and inequities in reproductive medicine, and are therefore viewed critically in current international ethical debates [66 – 69].”
Precautions for polygenic embryo selection: prohibition or cautious use
Ishii, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2026.1771127 · Cited by 1
“First, some offspring born via ESPS for a beneficial trait may later develop an unexpected disease due to antagonistic pleiotropy in which genetic variants associated with a trait can influence seemingly unrelated traits (10).”
Genomic Medicine and Individual Autonomy: Reflections on Knowledge Societies and Governmentality
Parrish, R. H. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23020234 · Cited by 1
“Current debates surrounding PGR scores and embryo selection reveal how genetic technologies risk reinscribing eugenic logic under the guise of preventive medicine, where statistical deviation from population norms becomes conflated with medical abnormality [53].”
Lencz, T., Bhattacharyya, U., Klausner, L., John, J., & Carmi, S. (2026) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-025-00546-9 · Cited by 1
“To simulate the risk for each embryo, we used the liability threshold model (LTM) 42 , which is commonly utilized in genetic modeling (including PES 19,43,44 ) andempirical studiesof real-world populations 45 .”
Houtz, C., & Largent, E. (2025) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.05.165 · Cited by 1
Lima, N., Zappala, M. A. P., Delvitto, A., Romero, M., & Pallitto, N. (2023) · Salud Colectiva · doi:10.18294/sc.2023.4481 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Esta situación resulta especialmente problemática al haberse expandido los PGT a las condiciones poligénicas, aquellas patologías multifactoriales, en muchos casos de comienzo adulto (como diabetes, hipercolesterolemia o trastornos de salud mental) en las que resulta debatible el peso relativo de los factores genético…”
BackgroundPolygenic score: An anchor holding the whole life course
Jin, G., Ma, H.-X., Shen, H.-B., & Hu, Z.-B. (2023) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002648 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Recently, PGSs have been used to test and select embryos for patients considering in vitro fertilization (IVF) by some companies in the USA.[14] Unlike preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid genetic disorders (e.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHerle, M., Pickles, A., Pain, O., Viner, R., Pingault, J.-B., & Stavola, B. D. D. (2023) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-023-00980-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Embryo selection based on polygenic scores for common illnesses is currently not plausible and poses difficult ethical questions, as outcomes of such interventions will have unknown, potentially adverse and wide-ranging effects [22, 23].”
BackgroundKamenova, K., & Haidar, H. (2023) · American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2169399 · Cited by 1
“…has proceeded without a much-needed debate on what type of testing should be offered to prospective parents, and PES is currently marketed for identifying probabilities for both health conditions (e.g., type 1 diabetes, schizophrenia) and non-medical traits (e.g., height) (Turley et al. 2021).”
BackgroundScientific refutation of ESHG statement on embryo selection
Tellier, L., Treff, N., Hsu, S., Lello, L., & Widen, E. (2022) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-022-01237-0 · Cited by 1
- Authors
- Turley, P., Meyer, M. N., Wang, N., Cesarini, D., Hammonds, E., Martin, A. R., Neale, B. M., Rehm, H. L., Wilkins-Haug, L., Benjamin, D. J., Hyman, S., Laibson, D., & Visscher, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 385
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-86
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8387884
- OpenAlex
- W3177492916
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 33.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sage Foundation
- Open Philanthropy Project (010623-00001)
- Stanley Family Foundation
- Medical Research Council (1113400)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1113400)
- National Institute on Aging (R24AG065184, R00AG062787, K99AG062787, R56AG042568, R01AG042568)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K99MH117229)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Keywords
- polygenic risk score, embryo selection, in vitro fertilization, predictive power, genome-wide association study, unintended consequences, demographics, social inequality, responsible communication, reproductive technology ethics
- MeSH terms
- Educational Status, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Genetic Testing, Humans, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Genetic Variation, Preimplantation Diagnosis, Multifactorial Inheritance, Genome-Wide Association Study, Gene-Environment Interaction
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