A Classification of Techniques for Controlling Situational Precipitators of Crime

Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency

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Defensible Space: People and Design in the Violent City

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OPPORTUNITIES, PRECIPITATORS AND CRIMINAL DECISIONS: A REPLY TO WORTLEY'S CRITIQUE OF SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION

Cornish, D. B. (2003) · Cited by 559

A Model of Neutralization Techniques

Kaptein, M., & van Helvoort, M. (2018) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2018.1491696 · Cited by 216

Getting into the Script of Adult Child Sex Offenders and Mapping out Situational Prevention Measures

Leclerc, B., Wortley, R., & Smallbone, S. (2011) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427810391540 · Cited by 189

Applying situational principles to sexual offenses against children

Wortley, R., & SMALLBONE, S. W. (2006) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 164

Examining the modus operandi of sexual offenders against children and its practical implications

Leclerc, B., Proulx, J., & Beauregard, E. (2009) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2008.08.001 · Cited by 143

Opportunity makes the thief. Really? And so what?

Clarke, R. V. (2012) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/2193-7680-1-3 · Cited by 124

Situational Crime Prevention: Theoretical Background and Current Practice

Clarke, R. V. (2009) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0245-0_14 · Cited by 123

Wildlife crime: a conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique

Kurland, J., Pires, S. F., McFann, S. C., & Moreto, W. D. (2017) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/s40163-017-0066-0 · Cited by 111

HOW AND WHY DOES WORK MATTER? EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND CRIME AMONG ADULT MALE OFFENDERS*

Apel, R. J., & Horney, J. (2017) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12134 · Cited by 117

Exposure to Situations Conducive to Delinquent Behavior

Anderson, A. L., & Hughes, L. A. (2008) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427808326587 · Cited by 109

A mathematical model of the London riots and their policing

Davies, T., Fry, H., Wilson, A. G., & Bishop, S. R. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01303 · Cited by 106

A situational crime prevention approach to cyberstalking victimization: Preventive tactics for Internet users and online place managers

Reyns, B. W. (2010) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/cpcs.2009.22 · Cited by 101

Individual Offending, Routine Activities, and Activity Settings: Revisiting the Routine Activity Theory of General Deviance

Miller, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427811432641 · Cited by 104

Situational Crime Prevention: Theory, Practice and Evidence

Eck, J. E., & Clarke, R. V. (2019) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20779-3_18 · Cited by 83

TARGET CHOICE DURING EXTREME EVENTS: A DISCRETE SPATIAL CHOICE MODEL OF THE 2011 LONDON RIOTS

Baudains, P., Braithwaite, A., & Johnson, S. D. (2013) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12004 · Cited by 83

Getting a handle on crime: A further extension of routine activities theory

Tillyer, M. S., & Eck, J. E. (2010) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2010.2 · Cited by 78

Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church

Terry, K. J., & Ackerman, A. R. (2008) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854808314469 · Cited by 77

Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) techniques to prevent and control cybercrimes: A focused systematic review

Ho, H., Ko, R. K. L., & MAZEROLLE, L. G. (2022) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2022.102611 · Cited by 66

Environmental Criminology

Sidebottom, A., & Wortley, R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118512449.ch9 · Cited by 64

Student Academic Dishonesty: The Potential for Situational Prevention

Hodgkinson, T., Curtis, H., MacAlister, D., & Farrell, G. (2016) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2015.1064982 · Cited by 58

The Centrality of Theory in Modern Day Crime Prevention: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Welsh, B. C., Zimmerman, G. M., & Zane, S. N. (2017) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2017.1300312 · Cited by 54

Situational Crime Prevention and White-Collar Crime

Benson, M. L., & Madensen, T. D. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34111-8_31 · Cited by 50

Preventing occupational corruption: utilising situational crime prevention techniques and theory to enhance organisational resilience

Tunley, M., Button, M., Shepherd, D., & Blackbourn, D. (2017) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-016-0087-5 · Cited by 47

Designing Products Against Crime

Ekblom, P. (2005) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · doi:10.4324/9781843926146-17 · Cited by 47

Provoked poachers? Applying a situational precipitator framework to examine the nexus between human-wildlife conflict, retaliatory killings, and poaching

Moreto, W. D. (2019) · Criminal Justice Studies · doi:10.1080/1478601x.2019.1600816 · Cited by 47

Improving Organizational Information Security Strategy via Meso-Level Application of Situational Crime Prevention to the Risk Management Process

Beebe, N. L., & Rao, V. S. (2010) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.02617 · Cited by 43

An Integrated Life‐Course Developmental Theory of Sexual Offending

SMALLBONE, S. W., & Cale, J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118314630.ch3 · Cited by 43

Curtailing cyber and information security vulnerabilities through situational crime prevention

Hinduja, S., & Kooi, B. R. (2013) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2013.25 · Cited by 41

Locating Focused Deterrence Approaches within a Situational Crime Prevention Framework

Tillyer, M. S., & Kennedy, D. M. (2008) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/cpcs.2008.5 · Cited by 40

“Every Male in There Is Your Competition”: Young Men's Perceptions Regarding the Role of the Drinking Setting in Male-to-Male Barroom Aggression

Wells, S. L., Graham, K., & Tremblay, P. F. (2009) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826080902961708 · Cited by 40

Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Crime Events around a Football Stadium from Georeferenced Tweets

Ristea, A., Kurland, J., Resch, B., Leitner, M., & Langford, C. (2018) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi7020043 · Cited by 39

Crime Script Analysis

Haelterman, H. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54613-5 · Cited by 36

Sexual Preference or Opportunity

Holt, K. M., & Massey, C. N. (2012) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063211425690 · Cited by 35

Calling Time: Managing Activities in Space and Time in the Evening/Night-time Economy

Tiesdell, S., & Slater, A.-M. (2006) · Planning Theory & Practice · doi:10.1080/14649350600673047 · Cited by 34

Recruiting money mules on instagram: a qualitative examination of the online involvement mechanisms of cybercrime

Bekkers, L. M. J., & Leukfeldt, R. (2022) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2022.2073298 · Cited by 34

Crime concentrations and micro places: An empirical test of the “law of crime concentration at places” in Belgium

Hardyns, W., Snaphaan, T., & Pauwels, L. J. R. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/0004865818807243 · Cited by 33

Deviating From the Cybercriminal Script: Exploring Tools of Anonymity (Mis)Used by Carders on Cryptomarkets

van Hardeveld, G. J., Webber, C., & O’Hara, K. (2017) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764217734271 · Cited by 36

An examination of the effects on crime of switching off street lighting

Davies, M. W., & Farrington, D. P. (2018) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1748895818818861 · Cited by 32

Bouncers and barroom aggression: A review of the research

Roberts, J. C. (2008) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2008.10.002 · Cited by 32

Synthesis Over Analysis

Birks, D., Donkin, S., & Wellsmith, M. (2008) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-591-7.ch009 · Cited by 32

Money Mules and Cybercrime Involvement Mechanisms: Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Young People in the Netherlands

Bekkers, L., van Houten, Y., Spithoven, R., & Leukfeldt, R. (2023) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2023.2196365 · Cited by 33

Alcohol-related violence and disorder

Jayne, M., & Valentine, G. (2014) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132514558445 · Cited by 31

'Broken' public spaces in theory and in practice

Stevens, Q. (2009) · Town Planning Review · doi:10.3828/tpr.2009.3 · Cited by 30

Sexual Violence and Abuse Against Children

Leclerc, B., Chiu, Y.-N., & Cale, J. (2014) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x14564319 · Cited by 29

They fight because we let them! Applying a situational crime prevention model to barroom violence

Graham, K. (2009) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00038.x · Cited by 29

Barroom Aggression in Hoboken, New Jersey: Don't Blame the Bouncers!

Roberts, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Drug Education · doi:10.2190/de.37.4.f · Cited by 29

What Do You Mean, ‘Is It Secure?’ Redesigning Language to be Fit for the Task of Assessing the Security of Domestic and Personal Electronic Goods

Ekblom, P., & Sidebottom, A. (2007) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-007-9041-8 · Cited by 28

Scripting Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: A Latent Class Analysis of the Entire Crime-Commission Process

Chopin, J., & Beauregard, É. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104521 · Cited by 28

Density, Inmate Assaults, and Direct Supervision Jails

Tartaro, C., & Levy, M. P. (2007) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403407299863 · Cited by 27

Child sexual abuse in youth-oriented organisations: tapping into situational crime prevention from the offender’s perspective

Leclerc, B., Feakes, J., & Cale, J. (2015) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/s40163-015-0044-3 · Cited by 26

Preventing insider threats to enhance organizational security: The role of opportunity-reducing techniques

Jeong, M., & Zo, H. (2021) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101670 · Cited by 26

Similarities and differences in adolescence-onset versus adulthood-onset sexual abuse incidents

McKillop, N., Brown, S., SMALLBONE, S. W., & Pritchard, K. (2015) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.014 · Cited by 26

The consequences of queueing: Crowding, situational features and aggression in entertainment precincts

Townsley, M., & Grimshaw, R. N. (2013) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/cpcs.2012.12 · Cited by 24

Are different Risk Factors Associated with Moderate and Severe Stalking Violence?: Examining Factors From the Integrated Theoretical Model of Stalking Violence

Thompson, C. M., Dennison, S. M., & Stewart, A. L. (2013) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854813489955 · Cited by 24

Overcoming the Warez Paradox: Online Piracy Groups and Situational Crime Prevention

Basamanowicz, J., & Bouchard, M. (2011) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.2202/1944-2866.1125 · Cited by 24

Prevention and mitigation measures against phishing emails: a sequential schema model

Suzuki, Y. E., & Monroy, S. A. S. (2021) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-021-00318-x · Cited by 22

Preventing phone theft and robbery: the need for government action and international coordination

Farrell, G. (2015) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/s40163-014-0015-0 · Cited by 22

Developmental and Sexual Offense Onset Characteristics of Australian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Male Youth Who Sexually Offend

Adams, D., McKillop, N., SMALLBONE, S. W., & McGrath, A. (2019) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063219871575 · Cited by 23

Understanding the Link between Temperature and Crime

Cohen, F., & González, F. (2024) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20220118 · Cited by 21

The Environmental and Situational Correlates of Victim Injury in Nonfatal Violent Incidents

Tillyer, M. S., Miller, J. M., & Tillyer, R. (2011) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854811400250 · Cited by 21

Cyber-Situational Crime Prevention and the Breadth of Cybercrimes among Higher Education Institutions

Back, S., & LaPrade, J. (2020) · International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime · doi:10.52306/03020320rgws2555 · Cited by 21

Examining the correlates and spatial distribution of organizational data breaches in the United States

Khey, D. N., & Sainato, V. A. (2013) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2013.24 · Cited by 21

Environmental crime control

Kitteringham, G., & Fennelly, L. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817273-5.00019-3 · Cited by 20

Domestic and Family Violence

Meyer, S., & Frost, A. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003569886 · Cited by 20

Identifying and preventing future forms of crimes using situational crime prevention

Johnson, S. D. (2024) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-024-00441-5 · Cited by 19

Putting process into routine activity theory: Variations in the control of crime opportunities

Schaefer, L., & MAZEROLLE, L. G. (2015) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2015.39 · Cited by 19

Criminals and the Price System: Evidence from Czech Metal Thieves

Brabenec, T., & Montag, J. (2017) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-017-9339-8 · Cited by 18

Beccaria and Situational Crime Prevention

Freilich, J. D. (2014) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/0734016814550815 · Cited by 18

Crimes as Scripts

Haelterman, H. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54613-5_2 · Cited by 17

Rethinking Sport Event Security: From Risk Management to a Community Driven Approach

Menaker, B. E., Sheptak, D., Kurland, J., & Tekin, D. (2021) · Journal of Global Sport Management · doi:10.1080/24704067.2021.1929388 · Cited by 16

The Football ‘Hotspot’ Matrix

Kurland, J., Tilley, N., & Johnson, S. D. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137347978_2 · Cited by 16

A conceptual opportunity-based framework to mitigate the insider threat

Padayachee, K. (2013) · Information Security for South Africa · doi:10.1109/issa.2013.6641060 · Cited by 16

Predicting perceptions of crime: Community residents’ recognition and classification of local crime problems

Schaefer, L., & MAZEROLLE, L. G. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/0004865817721590 · Cited by 17

Re-thinking the cost of supply chain security

Haelterman, H. (2011) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-011-9304-7 · Cited by 15

Local Crime Environment and Corporate Financial Misconduct Using Benford's Law

Golden, J. (2021) · Journal of Forensic Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jfar-2021-003 · Cited by 15

Situational Theories

SMALLBONE, S. W., & Cale, J. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118574003.wattso014 · Cited by 15

Understanding the Dynamics of the Victim-Perpetrator Relationship in Child Sexual Abuse: an Examination of the Child Sex Abuse Victimization Data in South Korea

Choi, K.-S., Choo, K., Choi, J., & Woo, Y. (2015) · Asian Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11417-015-9202-5 · Cited by 14

Combating Sexual Assault With the Military Ethic

Bennett, J. (2017) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x17735520 · Cited by 14

Urban Crime and Security

Cheng, T., & Chen, T. (2021) · The urban book series · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_14 · Cited by 14

Understanding and Applying Situational Crime Prevention Strategies

Lee, D. R. (2010) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403410370202 · Cited by 14

Providing Opportunities: A Sixth Column for the Techniques of Situational Crime Prevention

Freilich, J. D., & NEWMAN, G. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01839-3_5 · Cited by 14

A System’s Approach to Crime Prevention: The Case of Macao

Zhao, R., & Liu, J. (2011) · Asian Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11417-011-9117-8 · Cited by 14

Theories for Situational and Environmental Crime Prevention

Wortley, R., & Tilley, N. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_548 · Cited by 14

Using Dynamic Contextual Factors to Better Understand the Etiology and Escalation of Stalking Violence

Thompson, C., Stewart, A., & Dennison, S. M. (2019) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854819878234 · Cited by 13

100% sure bets? Exploring the precipitation-control strategies of fixed-match informing websites and the environmental features of their networks

Moneva, A., & Caneppele, S. (2019) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-019-09871-4 · Cited by 13

Not by accident: An analytical approach to traffic crash harm reduction

Corsaro, N. A., Gerard, D. W., ENGEL, R. S., & Eck, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.08.003 · Cited by 13

Situational factors in female-perpetrated child sexual abuse in organisations: implications for prevention

Darling, A. J., & Hackett, S. (2019) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2019.1695968 · Cited by 13

The broader context of preventing alcohol‐related intimate partner violence

Graham, K., Wilson, I. M., & Taft, A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12422 · Cited by 13

Endemic Sexual Violence and Abuse: Contexts and Dispositions

Rayment‐McHugh, S., SMALLBONE, S. W., & Tilley, N. (2015) · International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy · doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i2.233 · Cited by 12

A crime script analysis of the Madoff Investment Scheme

Hardy, J. W., Bell, P., & Allan, D. M. (2019) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/s41300-019-00082-6 · Cited by 12

Bridging Information Security and Environmental Criminology Research to Better Mitigate CybercrimePreprint

Ife, C. C., Davies, T., Murdoch, S. J., & Stringhini, G. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.06380 · Cited by 12

Routine Activity Theory

Schaefer, L. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.326 · Cited by 12

A framework of opportunity-reducing techniques to mitigate the insider threat

Padayachee, K. (2015) · Information Security for South Africa · doi:10.1109/issa.2015.7335064 · Cited by 11

Situational Precipitators and Interactive Forces in Sexual Crime Events Involving Adult Offenders

Leclerc, B., Wortley, R., & Dowling, C. (2016) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854816660144 · Cited by 11

Is the Development of Offenders Related to Crime Scene Behaviors for Burglary? Including Situational Influences in Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Crime

Fox, B., & Farrington, D. P. (2016) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x15621982 · Cited by 11

Understanding Organisational Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment: A Review of Literature

Beyer, L. R., Higgins, D. J., & Bromfield, L. (2005) · Cited by 10

Understanding Concentrations of Sexual Violence and Abuse: A New Theory

Rayment‐McHugh, S. (2023) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012231189481 · Cited by 10

Environmental Crime Control

Kitteringham, G. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-85617-746-7.00013-4 · Cited by 10

Situational and dispositional determinants of workplace victimization

Kodellas, S., Fisher, B. S., & Wilcox, P. (2015) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/0269758015591930 · Cited by 10

The reasoning criminal vs. Homer Simpson: conceptual challenges for crime science

Bouhana, N. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00682 · Cited by 12

OPPORTUNITIES, PRECIPITATORS AND CRIMINAL DECISIONS: A REPLY TO WORTLEY'S CRITIQUE OF SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION

Cornish, D. B. (2003) · Cited by 559

Reconsidering the role of opportunity in situational crime prevention

Wortley, R. (1997) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 59

Situational Crime Prevention

Clarke, R. V. (1995) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449230 · Cited by 1,215

Introduction: Crime Prevention by Exclusion

Holmen, S. J., Petersen, T. S., & Ryberg, J. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003480679-1 · Cited by 1

A Revised Classification of Situational Crime Prevention Techniques

Homel, R. J., & Clarke, R. V. (1997) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 165