One country with two systems: The characteristics and development of higher education in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area
Open accessAbstract
The creation of bay areas is one way to develop economies and culture based on natural characteristics and regional connections; successful examples include the San Francisco, New York and Tokyo Bay Areas. In 2019, China established the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). As a result of historical and geographical factors, the GBA is uniquely characterised by being subject to ‘one country, two systems’, ‘three customs territories’, and ‘three legal systems’. This study offered ample empirical evidence based on qualitative methods referring to in-depth interviews with academics and managers as well as publicly available policies and literature in the GBA. A thematic analysis was used to explore the context and characteristics of developing higher education (HE) in the GBA. The study emphasised that developing GBA’s HE improved its partnerships from co-operation to strategic co-ordination to resource sharing. This research contributes to HE and its governance in the GBA, a topic on which there is limited information in the extant international research literature. It is also useful to policymakers and scholars as it provides potential strategies and insights regarding the development of regional higher education.
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ChatGPT can be used to gather personal information from users for identity theft or other malicious purposes, resulting in privacy and security concerns.
“ChatGPT can also be used to gather personal information from users for identity theft or other malicious purposes, resulting in privacy and security concerns (Ahmad et al., 2023).”
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- Authors
- Xie, X., Liu, X., & McNay, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Xu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
- Published
- 2023-01-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2055-1045 (ISSN-L)
- 2662-9992
- OpenAlex
- W4313528095
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 192 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 34
- FWCI
- 384.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Higher Education Governance and Development
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Human Resources and Workforce
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration
- Keywords
- Greater Bay Area, higher education development, one country, two systems, regional higher education, higher education governance, inter-institutional partnerships, resource sharing, legal system, customs territory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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