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Citation Statistics from 110 Years of Physical Review

Open access
Redner, Sidney·2005·Physics Today
DOI 10.1063/1.1996475
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Abstract

Publicly available data reveal long-term systematic features about citation statistics and how papers are referenced. The data also tell fascinating citation histories of individual articles.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1063/1.1996475

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

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Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Different temporal patterns of citations exist, with some articles starting soon to receive citations while others ('sleeping beauties') go unnoticed for a long time before attracting many citations.

    “It is known that different temporal patterns of citations exist, with some articles starting soon to receive citations, while others ('sleeping beauties') go unnoticed for a long time, after which they are recognized as seminal and begin to attract a large number of citations [26, 27].”

    From Universality of citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of scientific impact (2008) · cites this paper as [27]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 35

  1. PR 136, B864 (1964) 2460
  2. 4 Ground State of the Electron Gas by a Stochastic Method D. M. Ceperley, B. J. Alder PR 108, 1175 (1957) 1364 20.2 Theory of Superconductivity J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, J. R. Schrieffer PRL 19, 1264 (1967) 1306 15.5
  3. A Model of Leptons S. Weinberg PRB 12, 3060 (1975) 1259 18.4 Linear Methods in Band Theory O. K. Anderson PR 124, 1866 (1961) 1178 28.0 Effects of Configuration Interaction of Intensities and Phase Shifts U. Fano RMP 57, 287 (1985) 1055 9.2 Disordered Electronic Systems P. A. Lee, T. V. Ramakrishnan RMP 54, 437 (1982) 1045 10.8 Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems T. Ando, A. B. Fowler, F. Stern PRB 13, 5188 (1976) 1023 20.8 Special Points for Brillouin-Zone Integrations H. J. Monkhorst, J. D. Pack PR, Physical Review; PRB, Physical Review B; PRL, Physical Review Letters; RMP, Reviews of Modern Physics. Publication # cites Av. age Title Author(s) PR 40, 749 (1932) 562
  4. 8 On the Quantum Correction for Thermodynamic Equilibrium E. Wigner PR 46, 1002 (1934) 557 51
  5. 5 On the Interaction of Electrons in Metals E. Wigner PR 47, 777 (1935) 492
  6. 4 Interaction Between d-Shells in Transition Metals. II. Ferromagnetic Compounds of Manganese with Perovskite Structure C. Zener PR 82, 664 (1951) 663
  7. 6 On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization J. Schwinger PR 100, 545 (1955) 350
  8. E. O. Wollan, W. C. Koehler PR 100, 564 (1955) 275
  9. 0 Absence of Diffusion in Certain Random Lattices P. W. Anderson PR 115, 485 (1959) 484
  10. 4 Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory Y. Aharonov, D. Bohm PR 118, 141 (1960) 500
  11. 4 Fractal Measures and Their Singularities: The Characterization of Strange Sets T. C. Halsey et al. PRL 58, 908 (1987) 625 1.9 Superconductivity at 93 K in a New Mixed-Phase Yb-Ba-Cu-O Compound System at Ambient Pressure M. K. Wu et al. PRL 58, 2794 (1987) 525
  12. 8 Theory of High-T c Superconductivity of Oxides V. J. Emery PRB 43, 130 (1991) 677
  13. 2 Thermal Fluctuations, Quenched Disorder, Phase Transitions, and Transport in Type-II Superconductors D. S. Fisher, M. P. A. Fisher, D. A. Huse PR, Physical Review; PRA, Physical Review A; PRB, Physical Review B; PRD, Physical Review D; PRL, Physical Review Letters. Table 4. The 10 Hot Papers, as Defined in the Text, Arranged Chronologically Publication # cites Av. age Title Author(s) PR 40, 749 (1932) 562
  14. 8 On the Quantum Correction for Thermodynamic Equilibrium E. Wigner PR 47, 777 (1935) 492
  15. 6 Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen PR 109, 1492 (1958) 871
  16. 0 Absence of Diffusion in Certain Random Lattices P. W. Anderson PR 136, B864 (1964) 2460 28.7 Inhomogeneous Electron Gas P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn PR 140, A1133 (1965) 3227 26.6 Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects W. Kohn, L. J. Sham PRB 13, 5188 (1976) 1023 20.8 Special Points for Brillouin-Zone Integrations H. J. Monkhorst, J. D. Pack PRL 48, 1425 (1982) 829 15.1 Efficacious Form for Model Pseudopotentials L. Kleinman, D. M. Bylander PRB 41, 7892 (1990) 691
  17. 7 Soft Self-Consistent Pseudopotentials in a Generalized Eigenvalue Formalism D. Vanderbilt PRB 45, 13244 (1992) 394
  18. D. J. de Solla Price, Science 149, 510 (1965);
  19. J. Amer. Soc. In- form. Sci. 27, 292 (1976).
  20. G. U. Yule, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B 213, 21 (1925);
  21. H. A. Simon, Biometrika 42, 425 (1955).
  22. A.-L. Barabási, R. Albert, Science 286, 509 (1999).
  23. For examples of recent reviews, see R. Albert, A.-L. Barabási, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 47 (2002);
  24. S. N. Dorogovtsev, J. F. F. Mendes, Adv. Phys. 51, 1079 (2002);
  25. P. L. Krapivsky, S. Redner, F. Leyvraz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4629 (2000);
  26. P. L. Krapivsky, S. Redner, Phys. Rev. E 63, 066123 (2001).
  27. S. N. Dorogovtsev, J. F. F. Mendes, A. N. Samukhin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4633 (2000).
  28. H. F. Moed, Nature 415, 731 (2002).
  29. S. Redner, Eur. Phys. J. B 4, 131 (1998).
  30. J. Laherrère, D. Sornette, Eur. Phys. J. B 2, 525 (1998).
  31. A study based on smaller data sets showed similar behavior. See H. Jeong, Z. Neda, A.-L. Barabási, Europhys. Lett. 61, 567 (2003);
  32. A.-L. Barabási, H. Jeong, Z. Neda, E. Ravasz, A. Schubert, T. Vicsek, Physica A 311, 590 (2002).
  33. J. Kleinberg, R. Kumar, P. Raphavan, S. Rajagopalan, A. Tomkins, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1627, Springer-Verlag, New York (1999), p. 1.
  34. H. Nakamoto, in Informetrics 87/88: Select Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Bibliometrics and Theo- retical Aspects of Information Retrieval, Diepenbeek, Bel- gium, 25-28 August 1987, L. Egghe, R. Rousseau, eds., Else- vier, New York (1988), p. 157.
  35. A. F. J. van Raan, Scientometrics 59, 467 (2004).

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Authors
Redner, S.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Redner, Sidney
ORCID
Redner, Sidney
Venue
Physics Today
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
2005-06-01
Volume
58
Issue
6
Pages
49-54
ISSN
  • 0031-9228 (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-0699
DOI
10.1063/1.1996475
OpenAlex
W1983454294
Cited by
426
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 17
FWCI
21.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Physics Today (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
Keywords
citation statistics, citation analysis, Physical Review, citation history, scholarly publishing, bibliometric analysis, citation patterns

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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