The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
λ-dynamics: A new approach to free energy calculations
Abstract
We present a novel and efficient method for performing free energy calculations. Treating the conventional λ variables associated with the ‘‘progress’’ in the chemical coordinates dynamically, our approach transforms free energy calculations into calculating potentials of mean force in the λ-space with molecular dynamics. This extended Hamiltonian formalism utilizes the full power of umbrella sampling techniques and the weighted histogram analysis method. Applications to free energies of hydration and a model illustrating competitive binding calculations are presented. These calculations demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the new λ-dynamics approach.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Computer Simulation of Liquids
Allen, M. P., & Tildesley, D. J. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198803195.001.0001 · Cited by 20,945
Cited by
Hot spots—A review of the protein–protein interface determinant amino‐acid residues
Moreira, I. S., Fernandes, P. A., & Ramos, M. J. (2007) · Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.21396 · Cited by 760
Ribas-Arino, J., & Marx, D. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200399q · Cited by 448
Random walk in orthogonal space to achieve efficient free-energy simulation of complex systems
Zheng, L., Chen, M., & Yang, W. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810631106 · Cited by 310
Using AMBER18 for Relative Free Energy Calculations
Song, L. F., Lee, T.-S., Zhu, C., York, D. M., & Merz, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00105 · Cited by 234
CHARMM at 45: Enhancements in Accessibility, Functionality, and Speed
Hwang, W., Austin, S. L., Blondel, A., Boittier, E. D., Boresch, S., Buck, M., Buckner, J., Caflisch, A., Chang, H.-T., Cheng, X., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04100 · Cited by 136
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kong, X., & Brooks, C. L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 1996-08-08
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2414-2423
- ISSN
- 0021-9606 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7690
- OpenAlex
- W2089495268
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: λ-dynamics: A new approach to free energy calculations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1063/1.472109
- The paper
- Kong, X., & Brooks, C. L. (1996). λ-dynamics: A new approach to free energy calculations. The Journal of Chemical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472109
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.