Equation of state and electrical conductivity of “synthetic Uranus,” a mixture of water, ammonia, and isopropanol, at shock pressure up to 200 GPa (2 Mbar).
Abstract
Equation-of-state, temperature, and electrical-conductivity data were measured for a solution of water, ammonia, and isopropanol at shock pressures up to 200 GPa. The chemical composition is similar to that of the fluid mixture thought to be the major constituent of the giant planets Uranus and Neptune.
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In the interiors of Uranus and Neptune, the conductivity of the gas envelope increases with depth and is determined by the conductivity of hydrogen and water ice.
“In the interior of Uranus and Neptune, the conductivity of the gas envelope likewise increases with depth and is determined by the conductivity of hydrogen and water ice (Nellis et al. 1997).”
From Mechanisms of Jet Formation on the Giant Planets (2010) · cites this paper as Nellis et al. 1997
Cites
Shock compression of aluminum, copper, and tantalum
Mitchell, A. C., & Nellis, W. J. (1981) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.329160 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Self-citationNess, N. F., Acuña, M. H., Behannon, K. W., et al. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.85 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Interiors of the Giant Planets
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Ness, N. F., Acuña, M. H., Burlaga, L. F., et al. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.246.4936.1473 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Mitchell, A. C., & Nellis, W. J. (1982) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.443030 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationStevenson, D. J. (1983) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/46/5/001 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Temperature measurements and dissociation of shock-compressed liquid deuterium and hydrogen
Holmes, N., Ross, M. C., & Nellis, W. J. (1995) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.52.15835 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationShock compression of liquid argon, nitrogen, and oxygen to 90 GPa (900 kbar)
Nellis, W. J., & Mitchell, A. C. (1980) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.440105 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationThe temperature of shock-compressed water
Lyzenga, G. A., Ahrens, T. J., Nellis, W. J., et al. (1982) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.443031 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationInterior structure of Neptune: Comparison with Uranus.
Hubbard, W. B., Nellis, W. J., Mitchell, A. C., Holmes, N. C., Limaye, S. S., & McCandless, P. C. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.253.5020.648 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationShock compression of liquid carbon monoxide and methane to 90 GPa (900 kbar)
Nellis, W. J., Ree, F. H., van Thiel, M., et al. (1981) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.442401 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationNellis, W. J., Radousky, H. B., Hamilton, D. C., et al. (1991) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.459895 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Nature of the Interior of Uranus Based on Studies of Planetary Ices at High Dynamic Pressure
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Self-citationDiagnostic system of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory two-stage light-gas gun
Mitchell, A. C., & Nellis, W. J. (1981) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1136602 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationMetallization and electrical conductivity of hydrogen in Jupiter.
Nellis, W. J., Weir, S. T., & Mitchell, A. C. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.936 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSpontaneous Raman Scattering from Shocked Water
Holmes, N. C., Nellis, W. J., Graham, W. B., et al. (1985) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.55.2433 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Equation of State for Binary Fluid Mixtures to High Temperatures and High Pressures
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Hydromagnetic constraints on deep zonal flow in the giant planets
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Shock temperature measurements of planetary ices: NH3, CH4, and ‘‘synthetic Uranus’’
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Self-citationElectrical conductivity and equation of state of shock-compressed liquid oxygen
Hamilton, D. C., Nellis, W. J., Mitchell, A. C., et al. (1988) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.454657 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationFiber-coupled optical pyrometer for shock-wave studies
Holmes, N. (1995) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1145597 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationEquation of state experiments and theory relevant to planetary modelling
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Mechanisms of Jet Formation on the Giant Planets
Liu, J., & Schneider, T. (2010) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/2010jas3492.1 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nellis, W. J., Holmes, N. C., Mitchell, A. C., Hamilton, D. C., & Nicol, M.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 1997-12-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 9096-9100
- ISSN
- 0021-9606 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7690
- OpenAlex
- W2060803045
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Chemical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Keywords
- equation of state, electrical conductivity, shock compression, high pressure, giant planet interiors, Uranus, Neptune, temperature measurement
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