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Elastomeric transparent capacitive sensors based on an interpenetrating composite of silver nanowires and polyurethane
Open accessAbstract
Highly flexible transparent capacitive sensors have been demonstrated for the detection of deformation and pressure. The elastomeric sensors employ a pair of compliant electrodes comprising silver nanowire networks embedded in the surface layer of polyurethane matrix, and a highly compliant dielectric spacer sandwiched between the electrodes. The capacitance of the sensor sheets increases linearly with strains up to 60% during uniaxial stretching, and linearly with externally applied transverse pressure from 1 MPa down to 1 kPa. Stretchable sensor arrays consisting of 10 × 10 pixels have also been fabricated by patterning the composite electrodes into X-Y addressable passive matrix.
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“The piezoresistive sensitivity in polymer nanocomposite-based sensors is much larger than their piezo-capacitive sensitivities, which are typically less than 1 [38,109].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Highly deformable dielectric materials can be realized by using commercial porous tapes, [43] creating microstructures in elastomers using a mold (e.g., the surface of matte glass, [155] a micromachined Si mold, [131] or the surface of lotus leaf [156] ), creating porous elastomers using sugar cubes as the template, [157] or fabricating buckled structures through prestretching and releasing.[158]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Touch sensing can be achieved using the capacitive mechanism in a capacitor configuration.[41,43,54,165,166] Different from strain and pressure sensors that rely on geometrical effect, a decrease in capacitance is seen for touch sensing, arising from the disturbed fringing field by the conducting object (Figure 4d).”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Sensors in the form of a stretchable capacitor can sense the tensile stretching and normal pressure based on the dimensional change and sense the approaching of an object based on the disturbed fringing field, as shown in Figure 4d.[25,41,43,165]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
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“Similarly to most capacitive pressure sensors, our sensor consists of top and bottom sets of electrodes running perpendicular to each other, separated by an insulating material called a dielectric [13].”
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“In particular, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers wrapped with silver nanowires (AgNWs) [21], have enabled sensors with exceptional pressure responsiveness due to their viscoelasticity and deformation-dependent dielectric per-mittivity [22].”
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A Multiobjective Design Architecture for Versatile Stretchable Touchscreen Displays
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“silver nanowires (AgNWs) [19], [20], [21], carbon nanotubes”
BackgroundIntroductory Overview of Layer Formation Techniques of Ag Nanowires on Flexible Polymeric Substrates
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A New Dielectric Elastomer Sensor Based on Cantilever Beam Structure with Constant Strength
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“However, most of the applications of the dielectric elastomer sensors are referred to pressure transducers[5,6,7], few of the studies address the force sensors.”
BackgroundLarge area all-elastomer capacitive tactile arrays
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“Most recently, networks of carbon nanotubes have been used to form the capacitor electrodes but these still have a somewhat high cost [11], [12].”
BackgroundHighly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensor with Microstructural Dielectric Layer
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Soft Tactile Sensors for Human-Machine Interaction
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BackgroundDevelopment of a test bench for ventilation masks through 2D and 3D printing processes
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“It has been demonstrated that capacitive sensors can detect touch [20–22], stretch [23–25], or both without being able to discriminate between the two [26].”
Stretching the future: Role of elastomers in sensor innovations
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Manufacturing, Sensing, and Applications of Data Gloves: A Review
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“Capacitive strain sensors operate according to the parallel-plate capacitance relation C = ε 0 ε r A / d , where deformation alters the electrode gap d (for pressure sensing) or the overlapping area A (for strain sensing) [94], [95].”
Stretchable transparent conductors based on copper nanowires and polyurethane
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, W., Niu, X., Zhao, R., & Pei, Q.
- Affiliations
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physics Letters
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2013-02-25
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 0003-6951 (ISSN-L)
- 1077-3118
- OpenAlex
- W2004636727
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 17.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physics Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- NSF (ECCS-1028412)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Dielectric materials and actuators
- Keywords
- silver nanowire networks, polyurethane matrix, interpenetrating polymer networks, stretchable electronics, strain sensing, pressure sensing, compliant electrodes, dielectric spacer
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