Structured-Illumination Photoacoustic Doppler Flowmetry of Axial Flow in Homogeneous Scattering Media
Open accessAbstract
We propose a method for photoacoustic flow measurement based on the Doppler effect from a flowing homogeneous medium. Excited by spatially modulated laser pulses, the flowing medium induces a Doppler frequency shift in the received photoacoustic signals. The frequency shift is proportional to the component of the flow speed projected onto the acoustic beam axis, and the sign of the shift reflects the flow direction. Unlike conventional flowmetry, this method does not rely on particle heterogeneity in the medium; thus, it can tolerate extremely high particle density. A red-ink phantom flowing in a tube immersed in water was used to validate the method in both the frequency and time domains. The phantom flow immersed in an intralipid solution was also measured.
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The speed of flowing particles having parabolic flow distribution in a cylindrical tube or vessel is measured from their Doppler shift of frequencies.
“This study builds upon the foundational research on PADF, where the speed of flowing particles having parabolic flow distribution in a cylindrical tube or vessel is measured from their Doppler shift of frequencies [26,27,28,29,30,31,32].”
From Multiwavelength Photoacoustic Doppler Flowmetry of Living Microalgae Cells (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
The paper describes measuring flow speed in a tube from a photoacoustic central-frequency shift (pp. 2–4). But it studies a homogeneous flowing ink solution, not the speed of individual particles; it also says that when flow varies across the tube, the measured speed is an average of the flow distribution (p. 5), not a measurement of a parabolic profile. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Review of Photoacoustic Flow Imaging: Its Current State and Its Promises
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- Authors
- Zhang, R., Yao, J., Maslov, K. I., & Wang, L. V.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Applied Physics Letters
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2013-08-26
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 94101-94101
- ISSN
- 0003-6951 (ISSN-L)
- 1077-3118
- PMC
- PMC3772904
- OpenAlex
- W2030682480
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physics Letters (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA157277, U54CA136398, R01CA134539, R01CA159959)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (DP1EB016986, R01EB008085)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Keywords
- structured illumination, Doppler shift, flow direction detection, high particle density, Intralipid phantom
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