Cited by 2,353Additive Manufacturing Materials and ProcessesAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesPowder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials

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Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications

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Yap, C. Y., Chua, C. K., Dong, Z. L., Liu, Z. H., Zhang, D. Q., Loh, L. E., Sing, S. L.·2015·Applied Physics Reviews

DOI 10.1063/1.4935926

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Abstract

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a particular rapid prototyping, 3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique designed to use high power-density laser to melt and fuse metallic powders. A component is built by selectively melting and fusing powders within and between layers. The SLM technique is also commonly known as direct selective laser sintering, LaserCusing, and direct metal laser sintering, and this technique has been proven to produce near net-shape parts up to 99.9% relative density. This enables the process to build near full density functional parts and has viable economic benefits. Recent developments of fibre optics and high-power laser have also enabled SLM to process different metallic materials, such as copper, aluminium, and tungsten. Similarly, this has also opened up research opportunities in SLM of ceramic and composite materials. The review presents the SLM process and some of the common physical phenomena associated with this AM technology. It then focuses on the following areas: (a) applications of SLM materials and (b) mechanical properties of SLM parts achieved in research publications. The review is not meant to put a ceiling on the capabilities of the SLM process but to enable readers to have an overview on the material properties achieved by the SLM process so far. Trends in research of SLM are also elaborated in the last section.

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Agrawal, S., Kumar, C., Avadhani, G. S., Heilmaier, M., & Suwas, S. (2025) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2025.148342 · Cited by 12
Multiphase flow simulations and experiments on electrochemical jet machining of rough surfaces of high-speed additive manufactured titanium alloys
Liu, Y., Liu, X., Lu, J.-Z., Zhang, Z.-Y., Luo, K.-Y., Huang, S., Lu, H.-F., Xu, G., Dai, G.-Q., & Zhou, S.-Y. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2024.2430328 · Cited by 12
“AM had been widely used in the manufacturing of various titanium alloy components [8].”
Printability and Performance Metrics of New-Generation Multifunctional PMMA/Antibacterial Blend Nanocomposites in MEX Additive Manufacturing
Petousis, M., Nasikas, N. K., Papadakis, V. M., Valsamos, I., Gkagkanatsiou, K., Mountakis, N., Argyros, A., Dimitriou, E., Michailidis, N., & Vidakis, N. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17030410 · Cited by 12
“The latter is also the reason why AM is frequently termed three-dimensional printing or just 3D printing (3DP) [4–6].”
Deformation Behavior of Inconel 625 Alloy with TPMS Structure
Xu, K., Cao, J.-H., Zheng, Z.-W., Zhao, R., Xu, G., Wang, H., Wang, J., Hur, B., & Yue, X.-Z. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18020396 · Cited by 12
Multivariate interpolation and machine learning models for extreme defects-based fatigue life prediction of Ti6Al4V specimens fabricated by SLM
Horňas, J., Materna, A., Glinz, J., Yosifov, M., & Senck, S. (2024) · Engineering Fracture Mechanics · doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110756 · Cited by 14
Iron-Based Metal Matrix Composite: A Critical Review on the Microstructural Design, Fabrication Processes, and Mechanical Properties
Chen, S., Chu, S.-J., & Mao, B. (2024) · Acta Metallurgica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s40195-024-01758-1 · Cited by 12
Study of surface roughness change of AlSi10Mg based on selective laser melting (SLM) using electro-polishing technique
Jeong, J.-U., Lee, K.-K., Ahn, D.-G., & Lee, J.-W. (2024) · Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12206-024-2412-y · Cited by 12
Comprehensive review and future perspectives: 3D printing technology for all types of solid oxide cells
Kim, C., & Jang, I. (2024) · Journal of Physics Energy · doi:10.1088/2515-7655/ad5fbb · Cited by 11
Effect of Energy Density on the Mechanical Properties of 1.2709 Maraging Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Hatos, I., Hargitai, H., Fekete, G., & Fekete, I. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17143432 · Cited by 12
“The main parameters include the layer thickness, scanning speed, laser power, hatch spacing, scanning direction, and strategy [10].”
Background
X-ray micro-computed tomography of porosities in large-volume 3D-printed Ti–6Al–4V components using laser powder-bed fusion and their tensile properties
Juri, A., Arachchige, Y., Nguyen, P., Ryszawa, M., Tran, B., Rapagna, S., Perilli, E., Labrinidis, A., & Yin, L. (2024) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.07.029 · Cited by 12
Model-Based Sensitivity Analysis of the Temperature in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Yang, Z., Zhang, S.-T., Ji, X., & Liang, S. Y. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17112565 · Cited by 12
3D Printing of Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Materials with High Performance and Shape Controllability.
Hu, Q.-J., Luo, D., Guo, J., & Qiu, W.-B. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c08116 · Cited by 12
Microstructural Heterogeneity and Anisotropy Control of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Aircraft Components
Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V. V., & Sharma, A. (2023) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-023-05756-z · Cited by 12
Electrochemical Anisotropy of Hastelloy X Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting in a NaNO3 Solution
Zhang, S.-L., Shi, Y., Zhang, Y.-P., Guo, P.-F., Li, X., & Luo, K. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169947 · Cited by 12
Evolution of δ phase precipitates in Inconel 625 superalloy additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion and its modeling with fuzzy logic
Staroń, S., Macioł, P., Dubiel, B., Gola, K., & Falkus, J. (2023) · Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s43452-023-00626-6 · Cited by 12
“, in aerospace, energy, and chemical industries [2].”
Background
Investigation of the microstructure and friction mechanism of novel CoCrCu0.2FeMox high-entropy alloy coating using plasma arc cladding
Xia, J., Xin, D., Chen, X.-Z., & Xin, H. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07792-7 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of microstructure and porosity for 3D printed stainless steel
Aripin, M. A., Sajuri, Z., Syarif, J., Baghdadi, A., & Mohamed, I. F. (2022) · Materials Today: Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.396 · Cited by 12
Machine learning-based model of surface tension of liquid metals: a step in designing multicomponent alloys for additive manufacturing
Assi, M., Favre, J., Fraczkiewicz, A., & Tancret, F. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07441-z · Cited by 12
Laser induced keyhole reshaping in laser powder bed fusion of aluminum alloy
Hua, S., Pan, Y., Guo, Q.-H., Zhang, G., Dong, F., Zhang, C., & Liu, S. (2025) · Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2025.104993 · Cited by 11
High-temperature oxidation behavior of gas-atomized CoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy powders
Ren, M.-Z., Ren, L., Ma, Y.-F., Yang, Z., Xu, Y., Li, Q.-M., Gong, P., Deng, L., Jin, J.-S., Tang, X., et al. (2025) · Applications of Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.162561 · Cited by 11
Investigating Melt Pool Dimensions in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nitinol: An Analytical Approach
Rangaswamy, S., Bourke, D., Monu, M., Healy, P., Gu, H.-S., Ahad, I., & Brabazon, D. (2024) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202401636 · Cited by 11
Influence of porous titanium-based jaw implant structure on osseointegration mechanisms.
Kilina, P., Kuchumov, A., Sirotenko, L., Vassilouk, V., Golovin, S., Drozdov, A., & Sadyrin, E. (2024) · Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106724 · Cited by 11
Response of laser power bed fusion manufactured austenitic stainless steel towards combined heat treatment and low-temperature thermochemical surface strengthening
Feng, Y.-J., Wang, H.-F., Zhao, Z.-X., Chen, D.-H., Peng, Y.-W., Gong, J.-M., & Somers, M. A. J. (2024) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.165 · Cited by 11
Influence of defects formation on the cracking behavior of LPBFed Cu-Cr-Zr alloy: Micro-mechanism and CRITIC-WASPAS approach
Kumar, M. S., Jeyaprakash, N., & Yang, C.-H. (2024) · Engineering Failure Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108206 · Cited by 11
Interfacial Heterogeneous Microstructure and Subsequent Machinability of 316L/CuSn10 Bimetallic Structure Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Chen, J., Zheng, Z., Wang, D., Bi, G.-J., & Bai, Y.-C. (2024) · Additive Manufacturing Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.amf.2024.200150 · Cited by 11
Interpenetrating microstructure in laser powder-bed fusion parts using selective rescanning
Ravichander, B., Jagdale, S. H., & Kumar, G. (2024) · Additive Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100221 · Cited by 11
Adaptation of a heat-treatment condition to a precipitation-hardened nickel-based superalloy produced by laser powder bed fusion
Li, Y., Xu, J., Liu, B., Gao, Y.-B., Xue, S., Hu, Y., Ding, Y.-T., Zhang, D., & Lu, S.-J. (2024) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2024.146412 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
A non-probabilistic convex modelling framework for uncertainty quantification of laser powder bed fusion fabricated structures based on limited data
Zhao, G., Wang, R.-K., Li, F.-Y., & Liu, J. (2024) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2024.2324429 · Cited by 11
“Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) [11] is a powder-based layer-by-layer metal AM process, that can produce high-density metal parts with complex shapes and precise microstructures [12 – 14].”
Effects of Preheating on Thermal Behavior in Inconel 718 Processed by Additive Manufacturing
Chowdhury, H. T., Naidu, P. T., Kakuta, N., & Kakehi, K. (2024) · Thermo · doi:10.3390/thermo4010005 · Cited by 11
“Some SLM machines can provide preheating to the building chamber or the substrate plate [1].”
BackgroundInfluential
Opportunities and limitations of metal additive manufacturing of structured catalytic converters
Mehdipour, F., Delrieux, T., Maurer, F., Grunwaldt, J., Klahn, C., & Dittmeyer, R. (2024) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2024.106873 · Cited by 17
“To protect LB-PBF manufacturing against oxidation of the metals, the construction chamber is filled with an inert gas like argon or nitrogen [67,74 – 76].”
Mechanical, bioactive, and long-lasting antibacterial properties of a Ti scaffold with gradient pores releasing iodine ions.
Gallab, M., Le, P. T. M., Shintani, S. A., Takadama, H., Ito, M., Kitagaki, H., Matsushita, T., Honda, S., Okuzu, Y., Fujibayashi, S., et al. (2024) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213781 · Cited by 11
Measuring and Predicting the Effects of Residual Stresses from Full-Field Data in Laser-Directed Energy Deposition
Polyzos, E., Pulju, H., Mackel, P., Hinderdael, M., Ertveldt, J., Hemelrijck, D. V., & Pyl, L. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16041444 · Cited by 11
“Laser applications have become increasingly prominent in recent years, with applications being found in a variety of fields, such as additive manufacturing [1].”
Structure and Characterization of K2Na3B2P3O13, a New Nonlinear Optical Borophosphate with One-Dimensional Chain Structure and Short Ultraviolet Cutoff Edge.
Liu, W., Lee, M.-H., Guo, R., & Yao, J.-Y. (2023) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04499 · Cited by 11
Understanding the effects of temporal waveform modulation of the laser emission power in laser powder bed fusion: Part I - Analytical modelling
Caprio, L., Demir, A., & Previtali, B. (2022) · Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ac984c · Cited by 11
Effect of scanning strategy on microstructure and mechanical properties of a biocompatible Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta alloy processed by laser-powder bed fusion
Batalha, W. C., Batalha, R., Kosiba, K., Kiminami, C., & Gargarella, P. (2022) · Journal of Materials Research · doi:10.1557/s43578-022-00735-7 · Cited by 11
Structural Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Fused Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Porous Scaffold
Zeng, S.-J., He, W., Wang, J., Xu, M., & Wei, T.-P. (2022) · Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print) · doi:10.1007/s11665-022-07377-0 · Cited by 11
Nanoscale Y2O3 Particle–Derived Mechanical Properties Improvement in IN718 Superalloy Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion
Yang, J.-L., Li, C.-W., Yuan, Y., Huang, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, X.-D., & Gu, J.-F. (2025) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2025.148919 · Cited by 10
Effect the Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Flexural Strength of ZrO2 Ceramics Produced by NanoParticle Jetting
Huang, Y.-J. X., Li, X.-R., Chen, H.-Y., Ren, K., Guo, H., & Qi, H. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18112605 · Cited by 10
“These challenges stem from zirconia’s intrinsic properties, including a high melting point, limited ductility, and poor thermal shock resistance [32–34].”
Influence of microstructural heterogeneity on the plastic strain localisation in selective laser melted 18Ni-300 maraging steel
Law, W. K., Wang, H.-L., Song, C., Wong, K., Lim, C. S., & Sun, Z. (2025) · International journal of plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104400 · Cited by 10
AlMgScZr alloys for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. A review
González-Rovira, L., Cabrera-Correa, L., López-Castro, J. D. D., Ojeda-López, A., & Botana, F. J. (2025) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114080 · Cited by 10
A review on the utilization of SS 316L lattice structures for orthopaedics developed by the laser powder bed fusion process
Daniel, S., & Anand, P. (2025) · Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part E, journal of process mechanical engineering · doi:10.1177/09544089251317120 · Cited by 10
Effect of Interlayer Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Manufactured Using Submerged-Arc Additive Manufacturing (SAAM)
Hu, M.-J., Chi, Q., Ji, L.-K., Li, W.-W., Yan, S., & Cheng, F. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17215376 · Cited by 10
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Gyroid Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting and a Study on Weight Reduction Methods
Asapu, S., & Y, R. (2024) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-024-06821-x · Cited by 10
3D fabrication of complex copper microstructures with path planning by localized electrochemical deposition
Wu, W.-Z., Tang, X., Guo, J.-Y., Wang, J., Zhang, X., & Zhao, C.-H. (2024) · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10800-024-02181-1 · Cited by 10
“In the field of manufacturing metal 3D structures, the widely used additive manufacturing (AM) method are high-energy beam-driven technologies, such as selective laser melting (SLM) or sintering (SLS) [7, 8].”
A novel mathematical model for predicting a sustainable selective laser melting and controlled densification
Estrada-Díaz, J. A., Elías-Zúñiga, A., Martínez-Romero, O., Palacios-Pineda, L. M., Guzmán-Nogales, R., Cedeño-Viveros, L. D., & Olvera-Trejo, D. (2024) · International Journal of Sustainable Engineering · doi:10.1080/19397038.2024.2327386 · Cited by 10
“Conversely, excessively large energetic input conditions lead to issues such as delamination, porosity caused by gas entrapment, and balling phenomena, among others (Yap et al. 2015).”
Influential
Numerical simulation of thermal processes in cold metal transfer-based additive manufacturing
Li, L., Jiang, Y.-N., Xiao, Y.-C., Chen, H.-R., & Shi, L. (2024) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-024-13019-7 · Cited by 10
“Depending on the employed heat source and the material, metal additive manufacturing technology can be divided into electron beam selective melting (EBSM) [3], selective laser melting (SLM) [4], laser engineered net shaping (LENS) [5], wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAN)[6] and so on.”
Analysis of physical, chemical, mechanical, and microbiological properties of Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta and Ti–6Al–4V discs obtained by machining and additive manufacturing
Tardelli, J., Valente, M. L. D. C., Otani, L., Batalha, R., Alves, F., Pereira-da-Siva, M. A., Bagnato, V., Dibb, R., Gargarella, P., Bolfarini, C., et al. (2023) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.11.008 · Cited by 10
Non-contact characterization of material anisotropy of additive manufacturing components by electromagnetic acoustic resonance technique
Yuan, X.-Y., Li, W.-B., & Deng, M.-X. (2023) · Measurement science and technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ad0707 · Cited by 10
A lattice structure coupon sample for build quality control in metal additive manufacturing
Park, M., Venter, M., & du Plessis, A. (2023) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112436 · Cited by 10
Towards Selective Laser Melting of High-Density Tungsten
Zhang, H.-P., Wang, D.-K., Li, X.-Y., Yin, F.-S., Zhang, L., Li, X.-D., & Qu, X. (2023) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met13081431 · Cited by 10
Anisotropic response of additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel towards low-temperature gaseous carburization
Feng, Y.-J., Duan, H., Zhao, Z., Liu, Z., Peng, Y.-W., Gong, J., & Somers, M. W. (2023) · Surface & Coatings Technology · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129874 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
A short review on SLM-processed Ti6Al4V composites
Kathiresan, M., KARTHIKEYAN, M., & Immanuel, R. J. (2023) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.1177/09544089231169380 · Cited by 11
“34,35 32, 34 Other features associated associated with the SLM process include a”
Microstructures and High Temperature Tensile Behaviours of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Al-Mn-Sc Alloy
Yan, Y., Lu, C., Chen, Z., Zhuo, Y., Wang, C.-Y., & Jia, Q. (2023) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met13040788 · Cited by 10
Enhancing Surface Finish of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel with Pulse/Pulse Reverse Electropolishing
Gorey, T., Stull, J., Hackenberg, R., Clark, C., & Hooks, D. (2022) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-022-05558-9 · Cited by 10
Laser printing: trends and perspectives
Chichkov, B. (2022) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s00339-022-06158-9 · Cited by 10
Grain structure and cracks behaviors of tungsten with different geometrical shapes and support structure prepared by laser powder bed fusion
Zhou, Z.-L., He, D., Tan, Z., Wang, Y., Shao, W., Guo, X.-Y., Zhou, Z., Wu, X., Cui, L., Wang, B.-P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.08.005 · Cited by 10
Unexpected Coercivity Enhancement >1T for Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets With 20 wt% Nd Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Bittner, F., Thielsch, J., & Drossel, W. (2022) · IEEE transactions on magnetics · doi:10.1109/tmag.2022.3167246 · Cited by 10
On the Influence of Physical Vapor Deposited Thin Coatings on the Low-cycle Fatigue Behavior of Additively Processed Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy
Hein, M., Dias, N. F. L., Kokalj, D., Stangier, D., Hoyer, K., Tillmann, W., & Schaper, M. (2022) · International Journal of Fatigue · doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107235 · Cited by 10
Nondestructive investigation on close and open porosity of additively manufactured parts using an X-ray computed tomography
Wang, S.-H., Qu, H.-Y., Yu, S., & Zhang, S.-X. (2022) · Materials Today: Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.559 · Cited by 10
A time-variant reliability analysis framework for selective laser melting fabricated lattice structures with probability and convex hybrid models
Li, F.-Y., Wang, R.-K., Zheng, Z.-J., & Liu, J. (2022) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2074196 · Cited by 10
“Selective laser melting (SLM) is a famous metal AM that can produce highdensity and complex shape metal parts with fine microstructures, which are difficult or even impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing techniques (Kumar et al. 2021; Nagarajan et al. 2019; Yap et al. 2015; Zhu et al. 2021).”
Background
Additive Manufacturing feasibility of WC-17Co cermet parts by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Papy, K., Sova, A., Borbély, A., Staerk, J.-M., Favre, J., Roulon, Z., Sijobert, J., & Bertrand, P. (2022) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.08.049 · Cited by 10
Laser-powder bed fusion in-process dispersion of reinforcing ceramic nanoparticles onto powder beds via colloid nebulisation
Mussatto, A., Groarke, R., Vijayaraghavan, R. K., Obeidi, M., Macloughlin, R., McNally, P., Nicolosi, V., Delaure, Y., & Brabazon, D. (2022) · Materials Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126245 · Cited by 10
Advanced Numerical Modeling of Powder Bed Fusion: From Physics-Based Simulations to AI-Augmented Digital Twins
Łach, Ł., & Svyetlichnyy, D. S. (2026) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma19020426 · Cited by 13
Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GH5188 Superalloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Yang, B., Liu, Y.-G., Qi, Y., Wei, K.-W., Gong, J.-Q., Wang, Y.-S., & Zeng, X.-Y. (2025) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2025.149084 · Cited by 9
A Review of Selective Laser Sintering/Melting Techniques for Lunar Construction
Agapkin, I. A., & Slyuta, E. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.08.047 · Cited by 9
Laser powder bed fusion of a novel high-strength Al-Mg-Er-Zr-Sc alloy: Process, microstructure, and performance
Gao, Z.-J., Li, H., Ma, T., Yang, H., Wang, W., Wei, W., Huang, H., Wen, S.-P., & Nie, Z.-R. (2025) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.186 · Cited by 9
Additive Manufacturing of Vapor Chambers
Chen, K., Hsu, S.-C., & Kang, S.-W. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18050979 · Cited by 9
“Components are built by selectively melting and fusing the powder within and between layers [24].”
New frontiers in sustainable process engineering with additive manufacturing for continuous-flow applications
Tinajero, C., Palmara, G., Zanatta, M., & Sans, V. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159442 · Cited by 9
Processing of pure copper by powder bed fusion with infrared laser
Calignano, F., Bove, A., & Pavese, M. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104497 · Cited by 9
Influence of build direction and loading rate on the cyclic deformation of laser additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy
Deng, X., Hu, Y.-N., Yi, Y., Kan, Q.-H., & Kang, G.-Z. (2025) · Engineering Failure Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109367 · Cited by 9
Selective laser melting additive manufactured H13 tool steel for aluminum extrusion die component construction
Giarmas, E., Tsakalos, V., Tzimtzimis, E., Kladovasilakis, N., Kostavelis, I., Tzovaras, D., & Tzetzis, D. (2024) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-024-14007-7 · Cited by 9
Effect of titanium on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured 1.2709 maraging steel
Strakošová, A., Roudnická, M., Šafka, J., Ackermann, M., Dvorský, D., Školáková, A., Vronka, M., Svora, P., Drahokoupil, J., Pinc, J., et al. (2024) · Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2024.104264 · Cited by 9
3D-Printed MEMS in Italy
Aronne, M., Bertana, V., Schimmenti, F., Roppolo, I., Chiappone, A., Cocuzza, M., Marasso, S., Scaltrito, L., & Ferrero, S. (2024) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi15060678 · Cited by 9
“…parameters, SLM can produce a complete, dense, near-net-shaped part, with a one-step process, without the need of intense post-processing treatments and without the need for binders, improving the printed object quality, the time for the process, and reproducibility of the printing process [28].”
Background
Metal additive manufacturing using powder sheets (MAPS) of HEA CoNiCrFeMn: The effect of the polymer content on microstructure and mechanical properties
Sasnauskas, A., Coban, A., Zhang, W.-Y., Abbot, W. M., Babu, R., Pham, M.-S., & Lupoi, R. (2024) · CIRP annals · doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2024.04.066 · Cited by 9
Effect of Process Atmosphere on Microstructure, Melt Pool, Texture, Precipitate Characteristics, and Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fe-12Cr-6Al
Cakmak, O., Chung, S., Lee, S.-H., Koo, J.-H., Yeom, H., & Cho, J.-W. (2024) · Additive Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100219 · Cited by 9
Temporal and Spatial Beam Shaping in LPBF for Fine and Porous Ti-Alloy Structures for Regenerative Fuel Cell Applications
Sanchez, S., Zafari, A., Caprio, L., Demir, A., & Jafari, D. (2024) · Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing · doi:10.1007/s40516-023-00244-3 · Cited by 9
“However, limits in LPBF feature resolution (~ 100 μm) [4] result in pores of ~ 100–200 μm diameter, which are too large for these applications.”
Fabrication of Ni-microstructure through electrochemical deposition using 3D printed solution flow type microdroplet cell
Ayalew, A., Han, X., Suzuki, K., Yoshida, S., & Sakairi, M. (2023) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107069 · Cited by 9
Additive manufacturing of biomaterials: A review
Jayanth, N., Roshan, M. V., Balaji, S. S., Karthik, P. D., Barathwaj, A., & Rishiyadhav, G. (2023) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.190 · Cited by 15
Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Melt Pool in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of SS316l
Khan, A., Jaffery, S. I., Hussain, S., Anwar, Z., & Dilawar, S. (2023) · Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation · doi:10.1007/s40192-023-00302-w · Cited by 9
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Prediction of the Cladding Layer Based on the Response Surface Method
Yan, R.-H., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings13050845 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
A Short and Technical Review on Lattice Structures Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Özdemir, M. T., & Korkmaz, M. (2023) · Prabha Materials Science Letters · doi:10.33889/pmsl.2023.2.1.005 · Cited by 9
“SLM process is used for materials such as titanium and alloys, nickel superalloys (Inconel 625/718, Hastelloy X), copper alloys, valuable mines (gold, silver), cobalt chrome alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless and tool steels (Yap et al., 2015).”
Surface Hardness Modification of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V Parts by Sliding Friction Diamond Burnishing
Dezső, G., Szigeti, F., & Varga, G. (2022) · Periodica Polytechnica: Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3311/ppme.21124 · Cited by 9
“Direct metal selective laser melting (DMSLM, or here referred as SLM) today widely applied for manufacturing metallic parts [2, 3].”
Background
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Zhang, J.-H., Lyu, T., Hua, Y., Shen, Z., Sun, Q., Rong, Y., & Zou, Y. (2022) · Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation · doi:10.1007/s40192-022-00272-5 · Cited by 9
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Authors: Yap, C. Y., Chua, C. K., Dong, Z. L., Liu, Z. H., Zhang, D. Q., Loh, L. E., & Sing, S. L.
Affiliations: Nanyang Technological University (SG)
ORCID: Yap, C. Y.
Chua, C. K.
Dong, Z. L.
Liu, Z. H.
Zhang, D. Q.
Sing, S. L.
Venue: Applied Physics Reviews
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Published: 2015-12-01
Volume: 2
Issue: 4
ISSN: 1931-9401 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1063/1.4935926
OpenAlex: W2192772080
Cited by: 2,353
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 170 · 2025: 269 · 2024: 262 · 2023: 296 · 2022: 341 · 2021: 325 · 2020: 262 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 31
FWCI: 77.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Applied Physics Reviews (publishedVersion)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Nanyang Technological University
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials
Keywords: laser powder bed fusion, additive manufacturing, direct metal laser sintering, near-net-shape parts, relative density, copper, aluminum, tungsten, fiber optics, high-power lasers

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