Cited by 2,353Additive Manufacturing Materials and ProcessesAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesPowder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials

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Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications

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Yap, C. Y., Chua, C. K., Dong, Z. L., Liu, Z. H., Zhang, D. Q., Loh, L. E., Sing, S. L.·2015·Applied Physics Reviews

DOI 10.1063/1.4935926

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Abstract

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a particular rapid prototyping, 3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique designed to use high power-density laser to melt and fuse metallic powders. A component is built by selectively melting and fusing powders within and between layers. The SLM technique is also commonly known as direct selective laser sintering, LaserCusing, and direct metal laser sintering, and this technique has been proven to produce near net-shape parts up to 99.9% relative density. This enables the process to build near full density functional parts and has viable economic benefits. Recent developments of fibre optics and high-power laser have also enabled SLM to process different metallic materials, such as copper, aluminium, and tungsten. Similarly, this has also opened up research opportunities in SLM of ceramic and composite materials. The review presents the SLM process and some of the common physical phenomena associated with this AM technology. It then focuses on the following areas: (a) applications of SLM materials and (b) mechanical properties of SLM parts achieved in research publications. The review is not meant to put a ceiling on the capabilities of the SLM process but to enable readers to have an overview on the material properties achieved by the SLM process so far. Trends in research of SLM are also elaborated in the last section.

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Ahmadi, M., Tabary, S. A. A. B., Rahmatabadi, D., Ebrahimi, M., Abrinia, K., & Hashemi, R. (2022) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.102 · Cited by 238
High deposition rate powder- and wire-based laser directed energy deposition of metallic materials: A review
Li, Z., Sui, S., Ma, X., Tan, H., Zhong, C., Bi, G., Clare, A., Gasser, A., & Chen, J. (2022) · International journal of machine tools & manufacture · doi:10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2022.103942 · Cited by 205
Review on volumetric energy density: influence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
Buhairi, M. A., Foudzi, F. M., Jamhari, F. I., Sulong, A., Radzuan, N. A., Muhamad, N., Mohamed, I. F., Azman, A. H., Harun, W. S. W., & Al-Furjan, M. S. (2022) · Progress in Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s40964-022-00328-0 · Cited by 199
Additive manufacturing in polymer research: Advances, synthesis, and applications
Islam, M. A., Mobarak, M. H., Rimon, M. I. H., Mahmud, M. Z. A., Ghosh, J., Ahmed, M. M. S., & Hossain, N. (2024) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108364 · Cited by 230
In-situ process monitoring and adaptive quality enhancement in laser additive manufacturing: A critical review
Chen, L., Bi, G., Yao, X., Su, J., Tan, C., Feng, W., Benakis, M., Chew, Y., & Moon, S. K. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2024.04.013 · Cited by 210
Topology optimization for metal additive manufacturing: current trends, challenges, and future outlook
Ibhadode, O. O., Zhang, Z., Sixt, J., Nsiempba, K. M., Orakwe, J. N., Martinez-Marchese, A., Ero, O., Shahabad, S. I., Bonakdar, A., & Toyserkani, E. (2023) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2023.2181192 · Cited by 205
Recent advance in laser powder bed fusion of Ti–6Al–4V alloys: microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability
Ni, C.-B., Zhu, J.-J., Zhang, B.-G., An, K., Wang, Y.-Q., Liu, D.-J., Lu, W., Zhu, L.-D., & Liu, C. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2024.2446952 · Cited by 163
“The principle of LPBF process is illustrated in Figure 3 [36].”
Enhancing Liquid–Vapor Phase-Change Heat Transfer with Micro/Nano-Structured Surfaces
Liu, X., Yang, J., Zou, Q., Hu, Y., Li, P., Tan, L., Miljkovic, N., & Yang, R. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c15277 · Cited by 173
Experimental and numerical investigation of PLA based different lattice topologies and unit cell configurations for additive manufacturing
Mahatme, C., Giri, J., Mohammad, F., Ali, M. S., Sathish, T., Sunheriya, N., & Chadge, R. (2024) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-024-13882-4 · Cited by 153
“While stronger, structures with more beams are more difficult to manufacture and use more materials overall [79].”
Recent advances in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with graphene-based nanomaterial: A critical review
Pillari, L. K., Lombardi, A., Byczynski, G. E., Murty, S. V. S. N., Murty, B. S., & Bichler, L. (2022) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100948 · Cited by 159
Achieving sustainability by additive manufacturing: a state-of-the-art review and perspectives
Su, J., Ng, W. L., An, J., Yeong, W. Y., Chua, C. K., & Sing, S. L. (2024) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2024.2438899 · Cited by 149
Self-citation
An overview of 3D printed metal implants in orthopedic applications: Present and future perspectives
Wu, Y., Liu, J., Kang, L., Tian, J., Zhang, X., Hu, J., Huang, Y. F., Liu, F., Wang, H., & Wu, Z. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17718 · Cited by 150
“Additionally, residual stress may be caused by thermal fluctuations during the printing process [88], which can lead to decreased fatigue behavior of the implants under fatigue loading [89–91].”
Background
End to end process evaluation for additively manufactured liquid rocket engine thrust chambers
Kerstens, F., Cervone, A., & Gradl, P. (2021) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.034 · Cited by 121
Recent advances in processing, and mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of Cu-SiC metal matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy
Akbarpour, M. R., Gazani, F., Mirabad, H. M., Khezri, I., Moeini, A., Sohrabi, N., & Kim, H. S. (2023) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101191 · Cited by 116
Optimization with artificial intelligence in additive manufacturing: a systematic review
Ciccone, F., Bacciaglia, A., & Ceruti, A. (2023) · Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40430-023-04200-2 · Cited by 143
“A vast panorama of different techniques characterizes AM, and a not inclusive list contains (as defined by ISO/ ASTM 52,900:2021 terminology [2]) selective laser sintering (SLS) [3], direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) [4], and, more generally, powder bed fusion (PBF) [5] where iron, steel, titanium, and aluminium pow…”
Background
Post-processing heat treatment of lightweight magnesium alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing: A review
Motallebi, R., Savaedi, Z., & Mirzadeh, H. (2022) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.07.154 · Cited by 113
Machinability of 3D printed metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting and electron beam melting: A review
Uçak, N., Çıçek, A., & Aslantaş, K. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.06.023 · Cited by 129
Soft Materials and Devices Enabling Sensorimotor Functions in Soft Robots
Su, J., He, K., Li, Y., Tu, J., & Chen, X. (2025) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00906 · Cited by 121
3D printing of micro-nano devices and their applications
Zhang, N.-B., Wang, Z.-L., Zhao, Z.-X., Zhang, D.-X., Feng, J., Yu, L., Lin, Z., Guo, Q.-Q., Huang, J.-M., Mao, J., et al. (2025) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-024-00812-3 · Cited by 101
“SLM offers improvements over SLS in terms of product quality, processing time and manufacturing reliability 35 .”
Self-citation
A LCA and LCC analysis of pure subtractive manufacturing, wire arc additive manufacturing, and selective laser melting approaches
Kokare, S., Oliveira, J. P., & Godina, R. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.05.102 · Cited by 124
A Review on the Processing of Aero-Turbine Blade Using 3D Print Techniques
Sinha, A., Swain, B., Behera, A., Mallick, P., Samal, S. K., Vishwanatha, H. M., & Behera, A. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · doi:10.3390/jmmp6010016 · Cited by 98
A Literature Review on Powder Spreading in Additive Manufacturing
Miao, G., Du, W., Pei, Z., & Ma, C. (2022) · Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.103029 · Cited by 96
Metal additive manufacturing: Principles and applications
Patel, S., Liu, Y., Siddique, Z., & Ghamarian, I. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.09.101 · Cited by 116
Enhanced fatigue resistance and fatigue-induced substructures in an additively manufactured CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy treated by ultrasonic surface rolling process
Chen, X.-Y., Lu, T., Yao, N., Chen, H.-Y., Sun, B.-H., Xie, Y., Chen, Y.-F., Wan, B.-B., Zhang, X.-C., & Tu, S.-D. (2023) · International journal of plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103721 · Cited by 92
3D printed optics and photonics: Processes, materials and applications
Gao, H.-W., An, J., Chee, K.-C., Bourell, D., Kuo, C.-N., & Tan, D. (2023) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2023.06.019 · Cited by 90
Predictive process mapping for laser powder bed fusion: A review of existing analytical solutions
Agrawal, A. K., Rankouhi, B., & Thoma, D. J. (2022) · Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2022.101024 · Cited by 112
“The most common and widely studied parameters are laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, layer thickness, and laser spot size [2,4–6].”
Fabrication and development of mechanical metamaterials via additive manufacturing for biomedical applications: a review
Chen, J., Chen, J., Wang, H., He, L., Huang, B., Dadbakhsh, S., & Bártolo, P. (2024) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ad88e3 · Cited by 84
“PBF-LB/M technique offers fully dense parts with high mechanical properties while minimizing time-consuming post-processing steps [43, 45, 68].”
Influential
3D‐Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications
Zhu, Y., Guo, S., Ravichandran, D., Ramanathan, A., Sobczak, M. T., Sacco, A. F., Patil, D., Thummalapalli, S. V., Pulido, T. V., Lancaster, J. N., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202402571 · Cited by 103
Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques
Haines, M. P., Rielli, V., Primig, S., & Haghdadi, N. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07501-4 · Cited by 86
“70115-032024 [11] Yap CY, Chua CK, Dong ZL, Liu ZH, Zhang DQ, Loh LE,”
Background
Additive manufacturing of metals and alloys to achieve heterogeneous microstructures for exceptional mechanical properties
Chen, H., He, Y.-X., Dash, S. S., & Zou, Y. (2024) · Materials Research Letters · doi:10.1080/21663831.2024.2305261 · Cited by 83
“The main difference between DED and LPBF lies in the way stock materials are fed: DED employs a coaxial powder or wire feeding approach [12], while LPBF uses a powder bed deposition method [13].”
BackgroundMethod
Application of 3D Printing in Bone Grafts
Brachet, A., Bełżek, A., Furtak, D., Geworgjan, Z., Tulej, D., Kulczycka, K., Karpiński, R., Maciejewski, M., & Baj, J. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12060859 · Cited by 93
Development of new polymer composites formulated by glass as a potential protective coating for 3D printed H13 steel in acidic medium: DFT, MC and MD computational
Magri, A. E., Hsissou, R., Hmada, A., Berisha, A., Dkhireche, N., & Vaudreuil, S. (2023) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122690 · Cited by 80
Embedded extrusion printing in yield-stress-fluid baths
Wu, Q. H., Song, K., Zhang, D., Ren, B., Sole‐Gras, M., Huang, Y. H., & Yin, J. (2022) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2022.09.003 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Advancements in Laser Wire-Feed Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Brief Review
Abuabiah, M., Mbodj, N. G., Shaqour, B., Herzallah, L., Juaidi, A., Abdallah, R., & Plapper, P. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16052030 · Cited by 79
Large‐Scale, Abrasion‐Resistant, and Solvent‐Free Superhydrophobic Objects Fabricated by a Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Strategy
Wu, Z., Shi, C., Chen, A.-T., Li, Y., Chen, S., Sun, D., Wang, C., Liu, Z.-F., Wang, Q., Huang, J., et al. (2023) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202207183 · Cited by 78
Self-citation
Emerging application of 3D-printing techniques in lithium batteries: From liquid to solid
Gao, X., Zheng, M. L., Yang, X., Sun, R., Zhang, J., & Sun, X. A. (2022) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2022.07.016 · Cited by 91
Additive manufacturing of ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum‐based metal matrix composites: a review
Karabulut, Y., & Ünal, R. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07850-0 · Cited by 77
“On the other hand, in the SLM method, metal powders are completely melted, resulting in a homogeneous part [44].”
Method
Selective laser melting of novel 7075 aluminum powders with internally dispersed TiC nanoparticles
Zheng, T.-Q., Pan, S., Murali, N., Li, B.-B., & Li, X. (2022) · Materials letters (General ed.) · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132268 · Cited by 77
Prospects of Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Purification and Scalability and their Health and Environmental Impacts: A Review
Harby, N. A. A., El-Batouti, M., & Elewa, M. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12203637 · Cited by 75
The Optimisation of Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatments for Enhanced Mechanical and Corrosion Performance of Stainless Steel 316l Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Grech, I. S., Sullivan, J., Lancaster, R., Plummer, J., & Lavery, N. P. (2022) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4062353 · Cited by 75
An investigation on mechanical properties of PA12 parts produced by a SLS 3D printer: An experimental approach
Razaviye, M. K., Tafti, R. A., & Khajehmohammadi, M. (2022) · CIRP - Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.cirpj.2022.06.016 · Cited by 74
Recycling strategies for vitrimers
Zhang, H., Cui, J., Hu, G. W., & Zhang, B. (2022) · International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials · doi:10.1080/19475411.2022.2087785 · Cited by 105
“[103,104], Electron Beam Melting (EBM) [105], Selective Laser Melting (SLM) [106], Laser Direct Melting Deposition (LDMD) [107], Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF) [108] and many others.”
Background
Magnesium role in additive manufacturing of biomedical implants – Challenges and opportunities
Kaushik, V., Nithish Kumar, B., Sakthi Kumar, S., & Vignesh, M. (2022) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102802 · Cited by 75
Topology optimized novel additively manufactured heat sink: Experiments and numerical simulations
Ning, J.-X., Wang, X.-D., Huang, H., Wang, S.-H., & Yan, W.-T. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117024 · Cited by 72
The sustainability of emerging technologies for use in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Weaver, E., O’Hagan, C., & Lamprou, D. A. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2022.2093857 · Cited by 70
Structural integrity issues of additively manufactured railway components: Progress and challenges
Wu, Z.-K., Wu, S., Qian, W.-J., Zhang, H.-O., Zhu, H., Chen, Q., Zhang, Z., Guo, F., Wang, J.-S., & Withers, P. (2023) · Engineering Failure Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107265 · Cited by 70
A review on process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy
Gite, R., & Wakchaure, V. (2022) · Materials Today: Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.100 · Cited by 69
Additive manufacturing for biomedical bone implants: Shaping the future of bones
Razzaq, M. H., Zaheer, M. U., Asghar, H., Aktas, O. C., Aycan, M. F., & Mishra, Y. K. (2025) · Materials Science and Engineering R Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2025.100931 · Cited by 82
Recent Advances in W-Containing Refractory High-Entropy Alloys—An Overview
Chen, S.-H., Qi, C., Liu, J.-Q., Zhang, J.-S., & Wu, Y.-C. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24111553 · Cited by 68
“Such an operation is performed layer by layer until the workpiece is completed [65].”
High-temperature oxidation behavior of additively manufactured IN625: effect of microstructure and grain size
Chyrkin, A., Gunduz, K. O., Fedorova, I., Sattari, M., Visibile, A., Halvarsson, M., Froitzheim, J., & Stiller, K. (2022) · Corrosion Science · doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110382 · Cited by 66
Microstructure–Hardness–Corrosion Performance of 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels Processed by Selective Laser Melting in Comparison with Commercial Alloy
García-Cabezón, C., Castro-Sastre, M., Fernández-Abia, A., Rodriguez-Mendez, M., & Martín-Pedrosa, F. (2022) · Metals and Materials International · doi:10.1007/s12540-021-01155-8 · Cited by 66
Graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites: fabrication, properties, and challenges
Chen, D.-J., Li, J., Sun, K., & Fan, J. (2023) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-023-10886-4 · Cited by 65
“Selective laser melting is a type of additive manufacturing technique, through which it is possible to directly manufacture parts with complex geometries from powder in one single step [83].”
3D Printed Graphene and Graphene/Polymer Composites for Multifunctional Applications
Wu, Y., An, C., & Guo, Y. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16165681 · Cited by 64
Additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V/Al–Cu–Mg multi-material structures with a Cu interlayer
Zhang, J., Wang, X., Gao, J.-B., Zhang, L., Song, B., Zhang, L.-J., Yao, Y., Lu, J., & Shi, Y.-S. (2023) · International Journal of Mechanical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108477 · Cited by 63
Injection overmolding of polymer‐metal hybrid structures: A review
Vasconcelos, R. L., Oliveira, G., Amancio-Filho, S. T., & Canto, L. (2023) · Polymer Engineering & Science · doi:10.1002/pen.26244 · Cited by 63
Advances in additive manufacturing of cemented carbides: From powder production to mechanical properties and future challenges
Li, X.-F., Zhang, L., Li, Y.-F., Zhao, Y.-X., Guo, Z., Wang, H., Liu, K., Bai, P.-K., Liu, B., Tang, H., et al. (2025) · Current opinion in solid state & materials science · doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101238 · Cited by 62
Additive manufacturing: shaping the future of the manufacturing industry – overview of trends, challenges and opportunities
Klenam, D. E. P., McBagonluri, F., Asumadu, T. K., Osafo, S. A., Bodunrin, M. O., Agyepong, L., Osei, E. D., Mornah, D., & Soboyejo, W. O. (2025) · Applications in Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224 · Cited by 51
Tribological Behavior of Additively Manufactured Metal Components
Shah, R., Pai, N., Rosenkranz, A., Shirvani, K. A., & Marian, M. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · doi:10.3390/jmmp6060138 · Cited by 61
“Yap et al. demonstrated that selective laser melted steel parts are oftentimes stronger but less malleable than casted components [78].”
Background
3D-Printing for Critical Sized Bone Defects: Current Concepts and Future Directions
Mayfield, C. K., Ayad, M., Lechtholz-Zey, E. A., Chen, Y., & Lieberman, J. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9110680 · Cited by 61
Recent progress on microstructure manipulation of aluminium alloys manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
Xiao, Z., Yu, W., Fu, H.-X., Deng, Y., Wu, Y.-L., & Zheng, H.-Y. (2022) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2125880 · Cited by 61
Additive manufacturing of metal-based functionally graded materials: overview, recent advancements and challenges
Sanjeeviprakash, K., Kannan, A. R., & Shanmugam, N. S. (2023) · Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40430-023-04174-1 · Cited by 76
A critical review on mechanically alloyed high entropy alloys: processing challenges and properties
Kumar, A., Singh, A. K., & Suhane, A. (2022) · Materials Research Express · doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ac69b3 · Cited by 60
Review on the protective technologies of bridge against vessel collision
Zhang, W., Pan, J. P., Calderón-Sánchez, J., Li, X. B., & Xu, M. C. (2024) · Thin-Walled Structures · doi:10.1016/j.tws.2024.112013 · Cited by 63
3D‐Printed Robust Dual Superlyophobic Ti‐Based Porous Structure for Switchable Oil/Water Emulsion Separations
Yang, Y., Ren, Z.-Y., Zhou, C., Lin, Y.-X., Hou, L., Shi, L., & Zhong, S.-C. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202212262 · Cited by 59
Inconel 718 produced by laser powder bed fusion: an overview of the influence of processing parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties
Marques, A., Cunha, Â., Silva, M. R., Osendi, M., Silva, F., Carvalho, Ó., & Bartolomeu, F. (2022) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-022-09693-0 · Cited by 58
“1 a LPBF process parameters: laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness (based on [5]).”
BackgroundInfluential
An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Structures
Hossain, M. S., Hossain, M. M., & Nilufar, S. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17243307 · Cited by 66
Temperature dependence tensile behaviors of additively manufactured GH4099 Ni-based superalloy
Nie, Z., Guo, Q.-Y., Zhao, Y.-N., Ma, Z.-Q., & Liu, Y.-C. (2024) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2024.146464 · Cited by 57
Experimental and numerical investigation of additively manufactured novel compact plate-fin heat exchanger
Ning, J.-X., Wang, X., Sun, Y.-J., Zheng, C., Zhang, S., Zhao, X., Liu, C., & Yan, W.-T. (2022) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122818 · Cited by 57
Multi-physics simulation of non-equilibrium solidification in Ti-Nb alloy during selective laser melting
Cheng, Y.-F., Wang, G., Qiu, Z.-G., Zheng, Z.-G., Zeng, D.-C., Tang, X., Shi, R.-P., Uddagiri, M., & Steinbach, I. (2024) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2024.119923 · Cited by 56
Research and Progress of Laser Cladding: Process, Materials and Applications
Wang, K.-M., Zhang, Z.-L., Xiang, D.-D., & Ju, J. (2022) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings12101382 · Cited by 56
4D printing: A detailed review of materials, techniques, and applications
Joharji, L., Mishra, R., Alam, F., Tytov, S., Al‐Modaf, F., & El‐Atab, N. (2022) · Microelectronic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.mee.2022.111874 · Cited by 73
An Overview of Extensive Analysis of 3D Printing Applications in the Manufacturing Sector
Jayakrishna, M., Vijay, M., & Khan, B. (2023) · Jurnal Engineering · doi:10.1155/2023/7465737 · Cited by 55
“Tis enables the approach to operate with practically all practical components and ofers respectable fnancial benefts [50].”
Background
3D printed electrochemical devices for bio-chemical sensing: A review
Sharma, A., Faber, H., Khosla, A., & Anthopoulos, T. (2023) · Materials science & engineering. R, Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2023.100754 · Cited by 55
Exploring structural origins responsible for the exceptional mechanical property of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel via in-situ and comparative investigations
An, D.-Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., Wang, H.-L., Li, S., Xiao, Y., Li, R., Li, X.-F., Han, X.-H., & Chen, J. (2023) · International journal of plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103769 · Cited by 55
Hybrid post-processing effects of magnetic abrasive finishing and heat treatment on surface integrity and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloys
Li, K., Ma, R., Zhang, M., Chen, W., Li, X.-B., Zhang, D., Tang, Q., Murr, L., Li, J., & Cao, H.-J. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.026 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Hybrid manufacturing and mechanics of architected interpenetrating phase composites: review and perspectives
Song, Q., Singh, A., & Karathanasopoulos, N. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2025.2505992 · Cited by 60
“In SLS, powder particles are partially melted, resulting in parts with higher porosity and rougher surface finishes, while SLM and EBM fully melt the powder particles to produce denser components with superior mechanical properties [97,98].”
Recent Advancements in Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques: A Forward-Looking Review
Singh, N., Siddiqui, H., Koyalada, B. S. R., Mandal, A., Chauhan, V., Natarajan, S., Kumar, S., Goswami, M., & Kumar, S. (2023) · Metals and Materials International · doi:10.1007/s12540-022-01380-9 · Cited by 54
A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering
Wu, Y., Lu, Y.-T., Zhao, M., Bosiakov, S., & Li, L. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14102117 · Cited by 54
The Challenges and Advances in Recycling/Re-Using Powder for Metal 3D Printing: A Comprehensive Review
Lanzutti, A., & Marin, E. (2024) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met14080886 · Cited by 53
“Selective Laser Melting (SLM or L-PBF, Laser Powder Bed Fusion) [16] utilizes a high-powered laser to selectively melt and fuse metal powder Commonly used materials include stainless steel [9,10], titanium [11], and other alloys [12–15]. particles together.”
Background
Advancements in microreactor technology for hydrogen production via steam reforming: A comprehensive review of experimental studies
Yadav, D., Lu, X.-L., Vishwakarma, C. B., & Jing, D.-W. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233621 · Cited by 53
Effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting
Zhao, W., Xiang, H., Yu, R.-X., & Mou, G. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.03.068 · Cited by 53
Evaluation of influence of microstructural features of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V on mechanical properties for an optimal strength and ductility
Rani, S., Kesavan, D., & Kamaraj, M. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170575 · Cited by 53
Insights into the stress corrosion cracking resistance of a selective laser melted 304L stainless steel in high-temperature hydrogenated water
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“This characteristic makes this technique superior that other methods of PBF root [14].”
BackgroundMethod
Anisotropic co-deformation behavior of nanolamellar structures in additively manufactured eutectic high entropy alloys
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Authors: Yap, C. Y., Chua, C. K., Dong, Z. L., Liu, Z. H., Zhang, D. Q., Loh, L. E., & Sing, S. L.
Affiliations: Nanyang Technological University (SG)
ORCID: Yap, C. Y.
Chua, C. K.
Dong, Z. L.
Liu, Z. H.
Zhang, D. Q.
Sing, S. L.
Venue: Applied Physics Reviews
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Published: 2015-12-01
Volume: 2
Issue: 4
ISSN: 1931-9401 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1063/1.4935926
OpenAlex: W2192772080
Cited by: 2,353
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 170 · 2025: 269 · 2024: 262 · 2023: 296 · 2022: 341 · 2021: 325 · 2020: 262 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 31
FWCI: 77.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Applied Physics Reviews (publishedVersion)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Nanyang Technological University
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials
Keywords: laser powder bed fusion, additive manufacturing, direct metal laser sintering, near-net-shape parts, relative density, copper, aluminum, tungsten, fiber optics, high-power lasers

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