Allergic potency of recombinant Fel d 1 is reduced by low concentrations of chlorine bleach
Open accessAbstract
Background Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the primary component of household bleach, has been shown to alter the purified mouse allergen Mus m 1, such that antibody recognition, or immunogenicity, is lost. Results of initial experiments suggest that antibody recognition is lost at lower concentrations of NaOCl than those required to fragment Mus m 1.Objective We sought to determine whether NaOCl had similar effects on recombinant (r)Fel d 1 and whether the loss of antibody recognition correlated with the loss of biologic activity, as measured with a basophil histamine release assay.Methods Recombinant Fel d 1 was treated with increasing amounts of NaOCl, and the product of the reaction was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and ELISA. The biologic activity of NaOCl-treated rFel d 1 was analyzed with a basophil histamine release assay.Results The protein fragmented at an NaOCl/rFel d 1 molar ratio of 7000, whereas cat-specific IgG recognition was lost at a lower molar ratio of 560. Basophil histamine release assays were performed to determine the effect of NaOCl on the biologic activity of rFel d 1. An NaOCl/protein molar ratio of 70 caused a significant reduction in histamine release from basophils of subjects with cat allergy. A molar ratio of 140 further inhibited histamine release by rFel d 1, suggesting a dose-response relationship between NaOCl and loss of biologic activity.Conclusions NaOCl modifies rFel d 1, resulting in loss of immunogenicity and attenuation of biologic activity, as measured by its ability to stimulate basophil histamine release.
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Treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution disrupts the structure of recombinant Fel d 1 protein, eliminates its antibody-binding capacity, and inhibits histamine release.
“Treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution has been shown to disrupt the structure of recombinant Fel d 1 protein, eliminate its antibody-binding capacity, and inhibit histamine release.”
From Advance in Managing Indoor Cat Allergen Proteins: Molecular Insights, Detection, and Control (2025) · cites this paper as [138]
Bleach can denature allergens.
“Although it can have adverse environmental health effects, we used a dilute solution of bleach because of widespread concern of bacterial contamination and evidence that it could denature allergens (Chen and Eggleston 2001; Matsui et al. 2003) and possibly inactivate mycotoxins (Wilson et al. 2004).”
From Mold and Endotoxin Levels in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: A Pilot Project of Homes in New Orleans Undergoing Renovation (2006) · cites this paper as Matsui et al. 2003
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Advance in Managing Indoor Cat Allergen Proteins: Molecular Insights, Detection, and Control
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“However, its practical application is limited due to interference from contaminating proteins, residual toxicity, and corrosive properties [138].”
- Authors
- Matsui, E., Kagey-Sobotka, A., Chichester, K., & Eggleston, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 396-401
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158972225
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES-09606, ES 07527, P01ES009606)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- Fel d 1, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine bleach, allergen modification, immunogenicity, antibody recognition, basophil histamine release, cat allergy, allergen inactivation
- MeSH terms
- Allergens, Animals, Basophils, Cats, Glycoproteins, Hair, Histamine Release, Humans, Recombinant Proteins, Sodium Hypochlorite, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
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