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Cited by 69Education Discipline and InequalitySchool Health and Nursing EducationBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

Are rates of school suspension higher in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods? An Australian study

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Hemphill, Sheryl A., Toumbourou, John W., Smith, Rachel, Kendall, Garth E., Rowland, Bosco, Freiberg, Kate, Williams, Joanne W.·2010·Health Promotion Journal of Australia
DOI 10.1071/he10012
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Abstract

Issue addressed Health promotion with adolescents spans many contexts including schools. Income and its distribution, education and social exclusion are key social determinants of health. Exclusionary school policies such as school suspension contribute to exclusion, increase the likelihood of school dropout (reducing educational and subsequent employment opportunities), and negatively impact on student wellbeing. Often excluded students are from socio-economically disadvantaged areas. This paper examines associations between area level socio-economic status (SES) and school suspension in Australian students. Methods Students (8,028) in years 6 (n = 4393) and 8 (n = 3635) completed a comprehensive social development survey administered in schools in 30 socio-economically stratified communities in 2006. Results Associations between area level SES and school suspension were found. Relative to students in the lowest SES quartile communities, students in mid level and high SES had lower suspension rates. These effects remained after controlling for antisocial behaviour, gender, age and the established risk factors of poor family management, interaction with antisocial peers and academic failure. Conclusions Students living in low SES areas are exposed to higher rates of school suspension, at similar levels of adjustment problems. Assisting schools, particularly those with disadvantaged students, to foster school engagement is essential for schools committed to health promotion. So what School suspension is relevant to several social determinants of health. Modifying how school suspension is implemented and developing effective alternatives are crucial. Exclusionary approaches maintain disadvantaged students in situations that reduce their future life opportunities and run counter to health promotion goals.

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  • Suspension is used disproportionately among minority groups and those from socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

    “For example, suspension is used disproportionately among minority groups (Raffaele Mendez & Knoff, 2003) and those from socio-economically disadvantaged areas (Hemphill et al., 2010).”

    From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Hemphill et al., 2010

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on School Health. Out-of-school suspension and expulsion. Pediatrics. 2003;112:1206-9.

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Authors
Hemphill, S. A., Toumbourou, J. W., Smith, R., Kendall, G. E., Rowland, B., Freiberg, K., & Williams, J. W.
Affiliations
Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Health Promotion Journal of Australia
Publisher
CSIRO Publishing
Published
2010
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
12-18
ISSN
  • 1036-1073 (ISSN-L)
  • 2201-1617
DOI
10.1071/he10012
OpenAlex
W1532662005
Cited by
69
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
21.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Health Promotion Journal of Australia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
  • Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
  • Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
  • National Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords
school suspension, socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, social determinants of health, school exclusion, school dropout, student well-being, antisocial behavior, family management, peer influence, school failure, school engagement, adolescents, school health promotion
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Australia, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Social Class, Social Environment, Student Dropouts, Students, Odds Ratio, Vulnerable Populations

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