The role of defensible space on the likelihood of house impact from wildfires in forested landscapes of south eastern Australia

Penman, Sandra H.; Price, Owen F.; Penman, Trent D.; Bradstock, Ross A.

doi:10.1071/wf18046

Cited by 67Fire effects on ecosystemsDisaster Management and ResilienceRangeland and Wildlife Management

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The role of defensible space on the likelihood of house impact from wildfires in forested landscapes of south eastern Australia

Penman, Sandra H., Price, Owen F., Penman, Trent D., Bradstock, Ross A.·2019·International Journal of Wildland Fire

DOI 10.1071/wf18046

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Abstract

The number of houses at risk from wildfire continues to increase around the world as populations continue to expand into fire-prone areas. Creating defensible space (managing fuels within a 30-m zone around a house) is a key strategy for mitigating risk, but there is a need to evaluate the key components of defensible space. This study examined house impact in 27 independent forest fires from New South Wales, Australia, between 2001 and 2009, comprising 309 houses destroyed or damaged and 618 unburnt houses. A range of spatial measures of vegetation, nearby buildings, waterbodies and topography were measured around each house. Principle Components Analysis and Generalised Additive Mixed Model analysis was used to derive the best and supported alternative models to explain the determinants of housing impact. The best model contained positive effects of vegetation touching the house and estimated Radiant Heat Flux and negative effects of distance to the nearest building and the number of nearby waterbodies on the probability of impact. The results suggest that risk could be effectively reduced by providing waterbodies, maintaining defensible space and ensuring separation between houses.

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The potential influence of housing density on structure losses in wildfires has varied, with some studies finding a greater probability of loss at higher housing densities, while other studies have reported a greater risk at lower housing densities.
“However, the potential influence of housing density on structure losses in wildfires has varied, with some studies finding a greater probability of loss at higher housing densities (Price and Bradstock 2013; Penman et al. 2019), while other studies have reported a greater risk at lower housing densities (Syphard et al. 2012, 2014, 2017).”
From Housing arrangement and vegetation factors associated with single-family home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California (2021) · cites this paper as Penman et al. 2019
Amount of near-home combustible vegetation has been linked to the probability of home loss in wildfires.
“Amount of near-home combustible vegetation has also been linked to the probability of home loss in wildfires (Price and Bradstock 2013; Syphard et al. 2014; Penman et al. 2019).”
From Housing arrangement and vegetation factors associated with single-family home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California (2021) · cites this paper as Penman et al. 2019
Other analyses of destructive wildfires show housing density to be strongly associated with home loss.
“Our findings are consistent with other analyses of destructive wildfires showing housing density to be strongly associated with home loss (Price and Bradstock 2013; Penman et al. 2019), but in contrast to Syphard et al. (2012, 2014, 2017) and Syphard and Keeley (2020), who have reported reduced probability of home loss at higher housing densities.”
From Housing arrangement and vegetation factors associated with single-family home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California (2021) · cites this paper as Penman et al. 2019
One of the primary mechanisms for radiant heat impact on buildings is the breaking of window glass, which can allow embers to enter the building.
“One of the primary mechanisms for radiant heat impact is the breaking of window glass, which can allow embers to enter the building (Penman et al. 2019).”
From Housing arrangement and vegetation factors associated with single-family home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California (2021) · cites this paper as Penman et al. 2019

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Comment on egusphere-2023-2130
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Comment on egusphere-2023-2130
Aguirre, P., n, J. L., González-Mathiesen, C., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-cc2
Comment on egusphere-2023-2130
Aguirre, P., LeÃ³n, J., GonzÃ¡lez-Mathiesen, C., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-rc2
Reply on RC2
Aguirre, P. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-ac1
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Aguirre, P. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-ac4
Reply on RC1
Aguirre, P. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-ac3
Reply on RC1
Aguirre, P. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2130-ac2
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Self-citation

Authors: Penman, S. H., Price, O. F., Penman, T. D., & Bradstock, R. A.
Affiliations: The University of Melbourne (AU)
University of Wollongong (AU)
Corresponding author: Price, Owen F.
ORCID: Penman, Sandra H.
Price, Owen F.
Penman, Trent D.
Bradstock, Ross A.
Venue: International Journal of Wildland Fire
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Published: 2018-12-19
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-14
ISSN: 1049-8001 (ISSN-L)
1448-5516
DOI: 10.1071/wf18046
OpenAlex: W2903757790
Cited by: 66
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 2.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.org/10.1071/journalslicense (vor, 2850 d)
Locations: International Journal of Wildland Fire (publishedVersion)
Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Keywords: defensible space, fuel management, radiant heat flux, water bodies, topography, fire-prone landscapes, New South Wales

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The role of defensible space on the likelihood of house impact from wildfires in forested landscapes of south eastern Australia

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