The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Enzyme plus light therapy to repair DNA damage in ultraviolet-B-irradiated human skin
Open accessAbstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) (290–320 nm) radiation-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers within the DNA of epidermal cells are detrimental to human health by causing mutations and immunosuppressive effects that presumably contribute to photocarcinogenesis. Conventional photoprotection by sunscreens is exclusively prophylactic in nature and of no value once DNA damage has occurred. In this paper, we have therefore assessed whether it is possible to repair UVB radiation-induced DNA damage through topical application of the DNA-repair enzyme photolyase, derived from Anacystis nidulans , that specifically converts cyclobutane dimers into their original DNA structure after exposure to photoreactivating light. When a dose of UVB radiation sufficient to induce erythema was administered to the skin of healthy subjects, significant numbers of dimers were formed within epidermal cells. Topical application of photolyase-containing liposomes to UVB-irradiated skin and subsequent exposure to photoreactivating light decreased the number of UVB radiation-induced dimers by 40–45%. No reduction was observed if the liposomes were not filled with photolyase or if photoreactivating exposure preceded the application of filled liposomes. The UVB dose administered resulted in suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a molecule required for immunity and inflammatory events in the epidermis. In addition, in subjects hypersensitive to nickel sulfate, elicitation of the hypersensitivity reaction in irradiated skin areas was prevented. Photolyase-induced dimer repair completely prevented these UVB radiation-induced immunosuppressive effects as well as erythema and sunburn-cell formation. These studies demonstrate that topical application of photolyase is effective in dimer reversal and thereby leads to immunoprotection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Subsequently the same approach was undertaken with photolyase enzyme and suggested more effective removal of CPDs [183,184].”
From Focus on UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair—Disease Relevance and Protective Strategies (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine
(1999) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/s0147-9563(99)70018-x · Cited by 3,235
(2001) · Contact Dermatitis · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045003191.x · Cited by 723
Transcription-Coupled Repair and Human Disease
Hanawalt, P. C. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7801121 · Cited by 494
A Review of Sunscreen Safety and Efficacy
Gasparro, F. P., Mitchnick, M. A., & Nash, J. F. (1998) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x · Cited by 434
Sugai, T. (1996) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(96)00511-7 · Cited by 369
Cooper, K. D., Oberhelman, L., HAMILTON, T. A., Baadsgaard, O., Terhune, M. H., LeVee, G. J., Anderson, T. J., & Koren, H. S. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8497 · Cited by 368
Morita, A., Werfel, T., Stege, H., Ahrens, C., Karmann, K., Grewe, M., Grether‐Beck, S., Ruzicka, T., Kapp, A., Klotz, L., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.186.10.1763 · Cited by 280
Self-citationApplegate, L., Ley, R. D., Alcalay, J., & Kripke, M. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.170.4.1117 · Cited by 246
Kulms, D., Pöppelmann, B., Yarosh, D. B., Luger, T. A., Krutmann, J., & Schwarz, T. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7974 · Cited by 193
Self-citationDNA photolyases: Physical properties, action mechanism, and roles in dark repair
Sancar, G. B. (1990) · Mutation Research/DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/0921-8777(90)90002-m · Cited by 162
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- C A Elmets, H Mukhtar Prog Dermatol 30, 1–16 (1996).
- B J Nickoloff The Skin Immune System, ed J D Bos (CRC, Boca Raton, FL), pp. 49–74 (1989).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA
Cadet, J., Sage, E., & Douki, T. (2005) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.012 · Cited by 932
Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy
Yaar, M., & Gilchrest, B. A. (2007) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08108.x · Cited by 755
Enzymes inside lipid vesicles: preparation, reactivity and applications
Walde, P., & Ichikawa, S. (2001) · Biomolecular Engineering · doi:10.1016/s1389-0344(01)00088-0 · Cited by 635
Kohl, E. A., Steinbauer, J., Landthaler, M., & Szeimies, R. (2011) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03963.x · Cited by 456
Fritsche, E., Schäfer, C., Calles, C., Bernsmann, T., Bernshausen, T., Wurm, M., Hübenthal, U., Cline, J. E., Hajimiragha, H., Schroeder, P., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701764104 · Cited by 437
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Stege, H., Roza, L., Vink, A. A., Grewe, M., Ruzicka, T., Grether-Beck, S., & Krutmann, J.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Skin Effects Testing and Photobiology, Netherlands Central Organization for Applied Scientific Research Nutrition and Food Research Institute, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-01-31
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1790-1795
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC26514
- OpenAlex
- W2055660529
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 19.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- UV-B radiation, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, photolyase, Anacystis nidulans, photoreactivation, DNA repair, epidermal cells, immunosuppression, ICAM-1, nickel allergy, erythema, sunburn cells, photoprotection, photocarcinogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cyanobacteria, Dermatitis, Contact, DNA Damage, Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase, DNA Repair, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Interferon-gamma, Lymphocytes, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Nickel, Proteolipids, Pyrimidine Dimers, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Keratinocytes, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
