Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa , Walcott
Open accessAbstract
The relationships of the sponge classes are controversial, particularly between the calcareous and siliceous sponges. Specimens of the putative calcarean Eiffelia globosa Walcott from the Burgess Shale show the presence of diagnostic hexactinellid spicules integrated into the skeletal mesh. The arrangement of these spicules in Eiffelia is shown to be precisely equivalent to that of early protospongioid hexactinellids, and sponge growth occurred through an identical pattern to produce identical skeletal body morphology. The difference in spicule composition of the classes is interpreted through the observation of taphonomic features of Eiffelia that suggest the presence of at least two mineralogically distinct layers within the spicules. These results support molecular analyses that identify the calcarean-silicisponge transition as the earliest major sponge branch and suggest that the heteractinids were paraphyletic with respect to the Hexactinellida.
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Stem-group sponges that may combine mineralogy and morphology of calcarean and hexactinellid spicules are reported from the Cambrian Series 2.
“Stemgroup sponges, which may combine mineralogy and morphology of calcarean and hexactinellid spicules, are also reported from the Cambrian Series 2”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Botting & Butterfield, 2005
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- Authors
- Botting, J. P., & Butterfield, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2005-01-21
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1554-1559
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC547825
- OpenAlex
- W1656357824
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Department of Earth Sciences EPrints Repository (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Christ's College, University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- sponge phylogeny, calcareous sponges, siliceous sponges, Hexactinellida, taphonomy, Burgess Shale, Cambrian fossils, paraphyly
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Fossils, United Kingdom, Phylogeny, Porifera
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