The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for self-cleaning in gecko setae
Open accessAbstract
A tokay gecko can cling to virtually any surface and support its body mass with a single toe by using the millions of keratinous setae on its toe pads. Each seta branches into hundreds of 200-nm spatulae that make intimate contact with a variety of surface profiles. We showed previously that the combined surface area of billions of spatulae maximizes van der Waals interactions to generate large adhesive and shear forces. Geckos are not known to groom their feet yet retain their stickiness for months between molts. How geckos manage to keep their feet clean while walking about with sticky toes has remained a puzzle until now. Although self-cleaning by water droplets occurs in plant and animal surfaces, no adhesive has been shown to self-clean. In the present study, we demonstrate that gecko setae are a self-cleaning adhesive. Geckos with dirty feet recovered their ability to cling to vertical surfaces after only a few steps. Self-cleaning occurred in arrays of setae isolated from the gecko. Contact mechanical models suggest that self-cleaning occurs by an energetic disequilibrium between the adhesive forces attracting a dirt particle to the substrate and those attracting the same particle to one or more spatulae. We propose that the property of self-cleaning is intrinsic to the setal nanostructure and therefore should be replicable in synthetic adhesive materials in the future.
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“however, gecko adhesive has been observed to self-clean when it becomes contaminated [26].”
From Human climbing with efficiently scaled gecko-inspired dry adhesives (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
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Citations
Cites
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Characterization and Distribution of Water-repellent, Self-cleaning Plant Surfaces
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Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair
Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. S., & Full, R. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35015073 · Cited by 2,767
Self-citationEvidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae
Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y. A., Peattie, A. M., Hansen, W. R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J. N., & Full, R. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.192252799 · Cited by 1,949
Self-citationEffects of the Surface Roughness on Sliding Angles of Water Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
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Mechanisms of Adhesion in Geckos
Autumn, K. (2002) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/42.6.1081 · Cited by 598
Self-citation
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Clues to the past and inspiration for the future
Larsen, G. D. (2015) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/laban.813
Metadata
- Authors
- Hansen, W. R., & Autumn, K.
- Affiliations
- Lewis & Clark College (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Autumn, K.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2005-01-03
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 385-389
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC544316
- OpenAlex
- W2114147125
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 45.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0304730)
- Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- gecko setae, self-cleaning, van der Waals adhesion, spatulae, Tokay gecko, dry adhesion, contact mechanics, synthetic adhesives
- MeSH terms
- Adhesiveness, Animals, Lizards, Models, Biological
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