Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 369

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Near-infrared-emissive polymersomes: Self-assembled soft matter for in vivo optical imaging

Open access
Ghoroghchian, P. Peter, Frail, Paul R., Susumu, Kimihiro, Blessington, Dana, Brannan, Aaron K., Bates, Frank S., Chance, Britton, Hammer, Daniel A., Therien, Michael J.·2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

We demonstrate that synthetic soft materials can extend the utility of natural vesicles, from predominantly hydrophilic reservoirs to functional colloidal carriers that facilitate the biomedical application of large aqueous-insoluble compounds. Near-infrared (NIR)-emissive polymersomes (50-nm- to 50-μm-diameter polymer vesicles) were generated through cooperative self assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymers and conjugated multi(porphyrin)-based NIR fluorophores (NIRFs). When compared with natural vesicles comprised of phospholipids, polymersomes were uniquely capable of incorporating and uniformly distributing numerous large hydrophobic NIRFs exclusively in their lamellar membranes. Within these sequestered compartments, long polymer chains regulate the mean fluorophore–fluorophore interspatial separation as well as the fluorophore-localized electronic environment. Porphyrin-based NIRFs manifest photophysical properties within the polymersomal matrix akin to those established for these high-emission dipole strength fluorophores in organic solvents, thereby yielding uniquely emissive vesicles. Furthermore, the total fluorescence emanating from the assemblies gives rise to a localized optical signal of sufficient intensity to penetrate through the dense tumor tissue of a live animal. Robust NIR-emissive polymersomes thus define a soft matter platform with exceptional potential to facilitate deep-tissue fluorescence-based imaging for in vivo diagnostic and drug-delivery applications.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.0409394102

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Cited by

See all 369

Metadata

Authors
Ghoroghchian, P. P., Frail, P. R., Susumu, K., Blessington, D., Brannan, A. K., Bates, F. S., Chance, B., Hammer, D. A., & Therien, M. J.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2005-02-11
Volume
102
Issue
8
Pages
2922-2927
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2069111085
Cited by
369
References
3
FWCI
9.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Near-infrared-emissive polymersomes: Self-assembled soft matter for in vivo optical imaging. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0409394102
The paper
Ghoroghchian, P. P., Frail, P. R., Susumu, K., Blessington, D., Brannan, A. K., Bates, F. S., Chance, B., Hammer, D. A., & Therien, M. J. (2005). Near-infrared-emissive polymersomes: Self-assembled soft matter for in vivo optical imaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409394102

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.