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Patellamide A and C biosynthesis by a microcin-like pathway in Prochloron didemni , the cyanobacterial symbiont of Lissoclinum patella
Open accessAbstract
Prochloron spp. are obligate cyanobacterial symbionts of many didemnid family ascidians. It has been proposed that the cyclic peptides of the patellamide class found in didemnid extracts are synthesized by Prochloron spp., but studies in which host and symbiont cells are separated and chemically analyzed to identify the biosynthetic source have yielded inconclusive results. As part of the Prochloron didemni sequencing project, we identified patellamide biosynthetic genes and confirmed their function by heterologous expression of the whole pathway in Escherichia coli . The primary sequence of patellamides A and C is encoded on a single ORF that resembles a precursor peptide. We propose that this prepatellamide is heterocyclized to form thiazole and oxazoline rings, and the peptide is cleaved to yield the two cyclic patellamides, A and C. This work represents the full sequencing and functional expression of a marine natural-product pathway from an obligate symbiont. In addition, a related cluster was identified in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101, an important bloom-forming cyanobacterium.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schmidt, E. W., Nelson, J. T., Rasko, D. A., Sudek, S., Eisen, J. A., Haygood, M. G., & Ravel, J.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2005-05-09
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 7315-7320
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1091749
- OpenAlex
- W2162481919
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 18.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0412226)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Isoquinoline Alkaloid Synthesis
- Keywords
- cyanobacterial symbionts, Lissoclinum patella, heterocyclization, biosynthetic gene clusters, Trichodesmium erythraeum, marine natural products, heterologous expression
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacteriocins, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Escherichia coli, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptides, Cyclic, Symbiosis, Urochordata, Open Reading Frames, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA Primers, Palau, Prochloron
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