The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IL-33, the IL-1-like cytokine ligand for ST2 receptor, is a chromatin-associated nuclear factor in vivo
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies indicate that IL-1α functions intracellularly in pathways independent of its cell surface receptors by translocating to the nucleus and regulating transcription. Similarly, the chromatin-associated protein HMGB1 acts as both a nuclear factor and a secreted proinflammatory cytokine. Here, we show that IL-33, an IL-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines, is an endothelium-derived, chromatin-associated nuclear factor with transcriptional repressor properties. We found that IL-33 is identical to NF-HEV, a nuclear factor preferentially expressed in high endothelial venules (HEV), that we previously characterized. Accordingly, in situ hybridization demonstrated that endothelial cells constitute a major source of IL-33 mRNA in chronically inflamed tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Immunostaining with three distinct antisera, directed against the N-terminal part and IL-1-like C-terminal domain, revealed that IL-33 is a heterochromatin-associated nuclear factor in HEV endothelial cells in vivo . Association of IL-33 with heterochromatin was also observed in human and mouse cells under living conditions. In addition, colocalization of IL-33 with mitotic chromatin was noted. Nuclear localization, heterochromatin-association, and targeting to mitotic chromosomes were all found to be mediated by an evolutionarily conserved homeodomain-like helix–turn–helix motif within the IL-33 N-terminal part. Finally, IL-33 was found to possess transcriptional repressor properties, associated with the homeodomain-like helix–turn–helix motif. Together, these data suggest that, similarly to IL1α and HMGB1, IL-33 is a dual function protein that may function as both a proinflammatory cytokine and an intracellular nuclear factor with transcriptional regulatory properties.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“IL-33 is highly expressed within endothelial cells in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis87, and IL-33-deficient mice have reduced neutrophil migration in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis88, but the actual role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis or other sterile inflammatory diseases remains to be determined.”
From Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage (2010) · cites this paper as [87]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease.
Dinarello, C. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095 · Cited by 4,344
Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation
Scaffidi, P., Misteli, T., & Bianchi, M. E. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00858 · Cited by 4,221
Schmitz, J., Owyang, A. M., Oldham, E. R., Song, Y., Murphy, E., McClanahan, T. K., Zurawski, G., Moshrefi, M., Qin, J., Li, X., et al. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015 · Cited by 3,773
HMG-1 as a Late Mediator of Endotoxin Lethality in Mice
Wang, H., Bloom, O., Zhang, M., Vishnubhakat, J. M., Ombrellino, M., Che, J., Frazier, A., Yang, H., Ivanova, S., Borovikova, L. V., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5425.248 · Cited by 3,386
Yang, Y., Li, S., Yang, Q., Shi, Y., Zheng, M., Liu, Y., Chen, F., Song, G., Xu, H., Wan, T., et al. (2014) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000358696 · Cited by 3,263
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal
Lotze, M. T., & Tracey, K. J. (2005) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1594 · Cited by 2,490
Monocytic cells hyperacetylate chromatin protein HMGB1 to redirect it towards secretion
Bonaldi, T., Talamo, F., Scaffidi, P., Ferrera, D., Porto, A., Bachi, A., Rubartelli, A., Agresti, A., & Bianchi, M. E. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg516 · Cited by 1,252
Association of transcriptionally silent genes with Ikaros complexes at centromeric heterochromatin.
Brown, K., Guest, S. S., Smale, S., Hahm, K., Merkenschlager, M., & Fisher, A. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80472-9 · Cited by 824
HMG1 and 2, and related ‘architectural’ DNA-binding proteins
Thomas, J. O., & TRAVERS, A. A. (2001) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(01)01801-1 · Cited by 619
Ikaros DNA-Binding Proteins Direct Formation of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Lymphocytes
Kim, J., Sif, S., Jones, B., Jackson, A., Koipally, J., Heller, E., Winandy, S., Viel, A., Sawyer, A., Ikeda, T., et al. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80034-5 · Cited by 587
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- CA Dinarello Eur Cytokine Netw 11, 483–486 (2000).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–965 of 965
Impact of IL-32 on Histamine Release by Human Derived Umbilical Cord Blood Mast Cells
Castellani, M. L., Toniato, E., Felaco, P., Ciampoli, C., Amicis, D. D., Orso, C. A., Cuccurullo, C., Vecchiet, J., Tetè, S., Salini, V., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1177/1721727x0900700309
Griesenauer, B. (2018) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2sk9v
Inducing IL-1β to increase vaccine efficacy
Russell, R. F. (2016) · Spiral (Imperial College London) · doi:10.25560/54458
Flaczyk, A. (2012) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/6972
Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products
Walsh, R. (2019) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
Induction and Regulation of Mucosal Memory T Cell Responses
Hirahara, K., & Nakayama, T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811924-2.00008-0
IL-33 – positive or negative role in cancer progression?
Jarosz, J., Papiernik, D., & Wietrzyk, J. (2019) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.5955
L’alarmine interleukine-33 (IL-33) : un médiateur majeur de l’asthme allergique
Girard, J. (2020) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2020.01.012
Self-citationLiu, L., Han, F., Zhao, L., Du, J., Zeng, H., & Hu, J. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-978714/v1
The Role of the Interleukin 1 Family in Lung Disease
Reilly, W. J., Burgoyne, R. A., & Borthwick, L. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102723-3.00165-7
Republication de : L’alarmine interleukine-33 (IL-33) : un médiateur majeur de l’asthme allergique
Girard, J. (2022) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2022.02.232
Self-citationResearch Progress of Different Inflammatory Factors in Osteoporosis
卢, 锋. (2022) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2022.124373
IL-33 Induces ADAMTS5 Expression and Cell Migration in Glioblastoma MultiformePreprint
Yildiz, D. A., Yükselten, Y., Sunguroğlu, M., Uğur, H. Ç., & Sunguroğlu, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-819358/v1
Comparative evaluation of inflammation factors at the peripheral and coronary atherosclerosis
Руслановна, Х. З., Saodat, A., & Gaybullaevich, S. J. (2015) · Science for Education Today · doi:10.15293/2226-3365.1504.07
Jeong, S., & Kim, S. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-0620-6_210-1
Overview of the Immune System and Immunotoxicology
Lawrence, D. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.95626-5
Jeong, S., & Kim, S. (2016) · Compendium of Inflammatory Diseases · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8550-7_210
The role of interleukin-33 in the pathogenesis, and treatment of severe asthma
Syabbalo, N. (2021) · Journal of Lung Pulmonary & Respiratory Research · doi:10.15406/jlprr.2021.08.00266
Cytokines and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
de Zoeten, E. F., & Fuss, I. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14744-9_3
Oxidation-sensitive cysteines drive IL-38 amyloid formationPreprint
Díaz-Barreiro, A., Cereghetti, G., Tonacini, J., Talabot‐Ayer, D., Kieffer‐Jaquinod, S., Huard, A., Swale, C., Couté, Y., Peter, M., Francés‐Monerris, A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.26.534252
Oxidation-Sensitive Cysteines Drive Il-38 Amyloid FormationPreprint
Díaz-Barreiro, A., Cereghetti, G., Tonacini, J., Talabot‐Ayer, D., Kieffer‐Jaquinod, S., Kissling, V. M., Huard, A., Swale, C., Couté, Y., Peter, M., et al. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4580457
Role of IL-33 and IL-35 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Jocić, J. Đ., Pavlovic, S. M., & Lucic, A. T. (2023) · EABR. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research · doi:10.2478/sjecr-2022-0037
Jou, E. (2024) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.036
Kouchaki, E., Arabzadeh, N., Akbari, H., Sheybani‐Arani, M., Khajavi-Mayvan, F., & Nikoueinejad, H. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100067
Topical delivery of human single-domain antibody targeting IL-33 for inhibiting mucosal inflammationPreprint
Ying, T., Huang, K., Wu, Y., Kong, Y., Xu, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Li, C., Song, W., Zhu, X., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975440/v1
Overview of the Immune System and Immunotoxicology
Lawrence, D. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00143-1
Interleukin-33: A new frontier in cancer immunotherapy
Kaur, A., Bittorf, K. J., Chanda, A., Kinzel, M., Seo, H., Yu, H., Huang, Q., Belz, G. T., Bose, P., & Jacquelot, N. (2025) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2025.03.002
The Effect and Mechanism of IL-33 on Decidual Immune Cell Function at Maternal-Fetal Interface
王, 浩. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.1541094
Karsalari, P. D., Asnaashari, K., & Rezaei, N. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2025.2500425
The role of interleukin-33 in inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity
Миколаївна, Д. Д., & Samusenko, D. S. (2025) · Karazin Journal of Immunology · doi:10.26565/3083-5615-2025-15-11
Jeon, H., Jang, G., Ban, M. K., Son, S., Byun, Y., & Lee, K. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17091153
Miedema, S., Georgieva, D., Naydenova, K., Dimitrov, V. D., & Velikova, T. V. (2025) · Pharmacia · doi:10.3897/pharmacia.72.e165215
Zheng, Y., Chen, W., Wang, C., & Tzeng, S. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70310
IL-33-mediated mast cell and eosinophil function requires isoprenylation
Burchett, J. R., Kotha, A., Davis, D. T., Jackson, K. G., Dailey, J. M., Maldonado, T. D., Haque, T. T., Hussain, Z. Y., Ching, J. M., Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio, P. A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1662170
Sundnes, O., Ottestad, W., Schjalm, C., Lundbäck, P., la Cour Poulsen, L., Mollnes, T. E., Haraldsen, G., & Eken, T. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14329658
Feng, Y., Wu, S., Li, D., Jiang, Y., & Liu, X. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009742.2026.2640725
Yang, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s588680
Gulisitan, A., Zhang, K., & Jiang, M. (2026) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-026-06963-9
Etude de marqueurs biologiques prédictifs de la perte de réponse aux anti-TNF
Rinaudo-Gaujous, M. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0f860bbfz4af7z40b7z8eb6zf1418db26ab0
Ren, S., Liu, R., Yu, Y., Liu, L., Luo, H., Xu, J., Xie, Y., Sun, H., Zhang, W., & Li, D. (2026) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2026.120144
Schmitt, P. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/910c14fdzc720z4a3fza364z6abf25ce9c20
Corral, D. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5891ec8az223cz458dzb5cezd92ba38e80aa
IL-33/ST2 and tissue Treg/AREG pathways in the pathophysiology of HIV infection
Tariq, M. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/749fcf56zf271z4375zbcb4zfe8a07253724
Propriétés immunitaires des kératinocytes humains et de leurs précurseurs
Mestrallet, G. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/99958530z8e43z417dz8f34z9ff9b3cb3ce5
Negative regulation of human IL-33 in endothelium during allergic airway inflammation
Hollinger, M. K., Howard, C. L., Decker, D. C., Blaine, K. M., Aneas, I., Grayson, E. M., Velez, T. E., Oliveira, F. A., Hannan, R. T., Camacho, D. F., et al. (2026) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.190418
MAPK dependent IL-33 responses define a conserved inflammatory programme in mast cellsPreprint
Sumoreeah, M., Phair, I. R., Darling, N. J., & Arthur, J. S. C. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.29.728623
The role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in female reproductive diseases
Zhang, N., 唐卯星, Chen, M., & Shi, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1808099
Tian, Y., Li, K. B., Xie, N., Zhang, C. H. I., Hu, H., Huang, Z. H., Du, M., Li, R., & Xie, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1820874
A Role of the IL‐13 Signal and Type 2 Conventional Dendritic Cell in the Atopic March
Masato, K. U. B. O. (2026) · Barrier Immunity · doi:10.1002/dni2.70014
Development of 2-Methyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine-Based ST2 Inhibitors for Neuroinflammatory Conditions
Yuan, X., Cho, E. B., Patil, A. D., Aktaruzzaman, M., Ramaraju, A., Jiang, C., Wang, M., He, M., Robida, A. M., Wen, B., et al. (2026) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6c00349
Zou, Y., Wen, D., Wang, C., Wang, H., & Wu, Q. (2026) · Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology · doi:10.1177/2151321x261475430
ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУБЭНДОТИПЫ В МАНИФЕСТАЦИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО АДЕНОИДИТА У ДЕТЕЙ
Stagnieva, I. V., Ахметова, Н. К., ZATULIVETROVA, D. O., & Stagniev, S. D. (2026) · Современные проблемы науки и образования · doi:10.17513/spno.34699
Beyond the Alarmin: Nuclear Interleukin-33 and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis
Muto, J. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15207781
Zhu, X., Shen, C., He, K., Chang, H., Qiu, J., Chen, L., Chen, L., Hou, M., Ji, M., & Xu, Z. (2026) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.40.20260347
THE EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON IL-33-MEDIATED MAST CELL ACTIVATION
Chernushevich, O. (2015) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/q3fj-0h62
Metadata
- Authors
- Carriere, V., Roussel, L., Ortega, N., Lacorre, D.-A., Americh, L., Aguilar, L., Bouche, G., & Girard, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- *Laboratoire de Biologie Vasculaire, Equipe Labellisée “La Ligue 2006,” Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France; and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Endocube, Prologue Biotech, BP700, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31319 Labège Cedex, France
- Corresponding author
- Girard, Jean-Philippe
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-01-02
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 282-287
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1765450
- OpenAlex
- W2093396768
- Cited by
- 966
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 12.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- IL-33, ST2 receptor, heterochromatin, nuclear factors, transcriptional repressor, endothelial cells, high endothelial venules, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, chronic inflammation, HMGB1
- MeSH terms
- Interleukin-33, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein, Animals, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Crohn Disease, HeLa Cells, Heterochromatin, Humans, Interleukins, Membrane Proteins, Mitosis, Nuclear Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Repressor Proteins, RNA, Messenger, 3T3 Cells, Conserved Sequence, Receptors, Interleukin, Nuclear Localization Signals, Amino Acid Motifs, Endothelial Cells, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
