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Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease.
Abstract
To understand the role of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in disease, investigators have studied how production of the different members of the IL-1 family is controlled, the various biologic activities of IL-1, the distinct and various functions of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family, and the complexity of intracellular signaling. Mice deficient in IL-1Beta, IL-1Beta converting enzyme, and IL-1R type I have also been studied. Humans have been injected with IL- 1 (either IL-1alpha or IL-1beta) for enhancing bone marrow recovery and for cancer treatment. The IL-1-specific receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has also been tested in clinical trials. The topics discussed in this review include production and activities of IL-1 and IL-1Ra molecules, the effects of IL-1 on gene expression, functions of cell-bound and soluble IL-1 receptors, the importance of the IL-1R accessory protein, newly discovered signal transduction pathways, naturally occurring cytokines limiting IL-1 production or activity, the effects of blocking cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide, and the outcomes of IL-1 and IL-1 Ra in human trials. Special attention is paid to IL-1beta converting enzyme and programmed cell death. The roles of IL-1 in hematopoiesis, leukemia, atherosclerosis, and growth of solid tumors are also discussed. This is a lengthy review, with 586 citations chosen to illustrate specific areas of interest rather than a compendium of references. At the end of each section, a short commentary summarizes what the author considers established or controversial topics linking the biology of IL-1 to mechanisms of disease.
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The IL-1β-induced increase in miR-146a expression is blocked by the IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1ra).
“MiR-146a expression in human glial cell cultures was strongly induced by IL-1β and blocked by IL-1β receptor antagonist.”
From MicroRNA-146a: A Key Regulator of Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response (2012) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dinarello, C.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA.
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 1996-03-15
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2095-2147
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W1515994079
- Cited by
- 4,344
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 125 · 2014: 170 · 2013: 158 · 2012: 187
- FWCI
- 66.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI‑15614)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptor, IL1R1, IL1RAP, interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, inflammatory cytokines, signal transduction, gene expression regulation, hematopoiesis, leukemia, atherosclerosis, solid tumor growth, programmed cell death, cyclooxygenase, nitric oxide, bone marrow recovery, cancer therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cysteine Endopeptidases, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Hematopoiesis, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Sialoglycoproteins, Signal Transduction, Helminth Proteins, Cytokines, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Caenorhabditis elegans, Apoptosis, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Caspase 1, Mice, Rats, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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