The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mixture models and exploratory analysis in networks
Open accessAbstract
Networks are widely used in the biological, physical, and social sciences as a concise mathematical representation of the topology of systems of interacting components. Understanding the structure of these networks is one of the outstanding challenges in the study of complex systems. Here we describe a general technique for detecting structural features in large-scale network data that works by dividing the nodes of a network into classes such that the members of each class have similar patterns of connection to other nodes. Using the machinery of probabilistic mixture models and the expectation–maximization algorithm, we show that it is possible to detect, without prior knowledge of what we are looking for, a very broad range of types of structure in networks. We give a number of examples demonstrating how the method can be used to shed light on the properties of real-world networks, including social and information networks.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x · Cited by 50,444
Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks
Watts, D. J., & Strogatz, S. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30918 · Cited by 43,060
Statistical mechanics of complex networks
Albert, R., & Barabási, A.-L. (2002) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.74.47 · Cited by 20,471
The Structure and Function of Complex Networks
Newman, M. E. J. (2003) · SIAM Review · doi:10.1137/s003614450342480 · Cited by 18,719
Self-citationSocial Network Analysis: Methods and Applications
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511815478 · Cited by 17,557
Community structure in social and biological networks
Girvan, M., & Newman, M. E. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122653799 · Cited by 15,502
Self-citationComplex networks: structure and dynamics
BOCCALETTI, S., LATORA, V, MORENO, Y., CHAVEZ, M., & HWANG, D. (2006) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009 · Cited by 11,010
Network motifs: simple building blocks of complex networks.
Milo, R., Shen-Orr, S., Itzkovitz, S., Kashtan, N., Chklovskii, D., & Alon, U. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.298.5594.824 · Cited by 7,368
(2017) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods · doi:10.4135/9781483381411.n575 · Cited by 6,008
Social Network Analysis: A Handbook.
Pappi, F. U., & Scott, J. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2075047 · Cited by 5,969
Cited by
Fortunato, S. (2010) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2009.11.002 · Cited by 11,293
Kivela, M., Arenas, A., Barthelemy, M., Gleeson, J. P., Moreno, Y., & Porter, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Complex Networks · doi:10.1093/comnet/cnu016 · Cited by 3,235
The structure and dynamics of multilayer networks
Boccaletti, S., Bianconi, G., Criado, R., del Genio, C. I., Gómez-Gardeñes, J., Romance, M., Sendiña-Nadal, I., Wang, Z., & Zanin, M. (2014) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.001 · Cited by 3,125
Stochastic blockmodels and community structure in networks
Karrer, B., & Newman, M. E. J. (2011) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.83.016107 · Cited by 2,025
Self-citationCommunity detection in networks: a user guide
Fortunato, S., & Hric, D. (2016) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2016.09.002 · Cited by 2,086
Metadata
- Authors
- Newman, M. E. J., & Leicht, E. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-06-05
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 9564-9569
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2139818818
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 33
- FWCI
- 28.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mixture models and exploratory analysis in networks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0610537104
- The paper
- Newman, M. E. J., & Leicht, E. A. (2007). Mixture models and exploratory analysis in networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610537104
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.