The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular basis of coiled-coil formation
Open accessAbstract
Coiled coils have attracted considerable interest as design templates in a wide range of applications. Successful coiled-coil design strategies therefore require a detailed understanding of coiled-coil folding. One common feature shared by coiled coils is the presence of a short autonomous helical folding unit, termed “trigger sequence,” that is indispensable for folding. Detailed knowledge of trigger sequences at the molecular level is thus key to a general understanding of coiled-coil formation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we identify and characterize here the molecular determinants that specify the helical conformation of the monomeric early folding intermediate of the GCN4 coiled coil. We demonstrate that a network of hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions stabilize the trigger-sequence helix. This network is rearranged in the final dimeric coiled-coil structure, and its destabilization significantly slows down GCN4 leucine zipper folding. Our findings provide a general explanation for the molecular mechanism of coiled-coil formation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While in nature folding and association of coiled coils occur simultaneously,94 they can be studied separately in silico due to free energy being a state function.”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [94]
Citations
Cites
Spectroscopic Determination of Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Proteins *
Edelhoch, H. (1967) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00859a010 · Cited by 3,438
1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift referencing in biomolecular NMR
Wishart, D. S., Bigam, C. G., Yao, J. S., Abildgaard, F., Dyson, H. J., Oldfield, E., Markley, J. L., & Sykes, B. D. (1995) · Journal of Biomolecular NMR · doi:10.1007/bf00211777 · Cited by 2,361
Wishart, D. S., Bigam, C. G., Holm, A., Hodges, R. S., & Sykes, B. D. (1995) · Journal of Biomolecular NMR · doi:10.1007/bf00227471 · Cited by 1,635
Santoro, M. M., & Bolen, D. W. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00421a014 · Cited by 1,585
X-Ray Structure of the GCN4 Leucine Zipper, a Two-Stranded, Parallel Coiled Coil
O’Shea, E. K., Klemm, J. D., Kim, P. S., & Alber, T. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1948029 · Cited by 1,444
Reversible Hydrogels from Self-Assembling Artificial Proteins
Petka, W. A., Harden, J. L., McGrath, K. P., Wirtz, D., & Tirrell, D. A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5375.389 · Cited by 1,075
Coiled coils: a highly versatile protein folding motif.
Burkhard, P., Stetefeld, J., & Strelkov, S. (2001) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(00)01898-5 · Cited by 1,055
Wishart, D. S., Bigam, C. G., Holm, A., Hodges, R. S., & Sykes, B. D. (1995) · Journal of Biomolecular NMR · doi:10.1007/bf00211764 · Cited by 1,012
A Novel, Highly Stable Fold of the Immunoglobulin Binding Domain of Streptococcal Protein G
Gronenborn, A. M., Filpula, D. R., Essig, N. Z., Achari, A., Whitlow, M. D., Wingfield, P. T., & Clore, G. M. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1871600 · Cited by 816
Coiled Coil Domains: Stability, Specificity, and Biological Implications
Mason, J., & Arndt, K. M. (2004) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200300781 · Cited by 756
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–136 of 136
Natural Fibrous Proteins: Structural Analysis, Assembly, and Applications
van Raaij, M. J., & Mitraki, A. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118523063.ch11 · Cited by 4
Notari, E., Wood, C. W., & Michel, J. (2025) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.4c01695 · Cited by 4
“While in nature folding and association of coiled coils occur simultaneously, 94 they can be studied separately in silico due to free energy being a state function.”
Transcription factors and genome biases in polyploid crops
Kaur, R., & Rishi, V. (2024) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.09.005 · Cited by 3
Saar, D., Lennartsson, C., Weidner, P., Burgermeister, E., & Kragelund, B. B. (2024) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.26774 · Cited by 3
Molecular insights into the impact of nanotube confinement on protein α-helical structures
Chen, Q. (2025) · Molecular Physics · doi:10.1080/00268976.2025.2556847 · Cited by 3
Detection of a transient intramolecular hydrogen bond using 1JNH scalar couplings
Xiang, S., & Zweckstetter, M. (2014) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.04.004 · Cited by 3
Fiedler, T., Fabrice, T. N., Studer, V., Vinet, A. F., Faltova, L., Kammerer, R. A., Steinmetz, M. O., Sharpe, T., & Pieters, J. (2020) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13787 · Cited by 3
Self-citationStructural and energetic effects of the use of polarisable water to solvate proteins
Bachmann, S. J., & A, W. F. V. G. (2015) · Molecular Physics · doi:10.1080/00268976.2015.1042085 · Cited by 3
Bhandari, Y. R., Chapagain, P. P., & Gerstman, B. S. (2012) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4752247 · Cited by 2
Cukier, R. I. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp504723m · Cited by 2
Binding mechanism of a de novo coiled coil complex elucidated from surface forces measurements
Shrestha, B. R., Liberelle, B., Murschel, F., Purisima, E. O., Sulea, T. I., Crescenzo, G. D., & Banquy, X. (2020) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.097 · Cited by 2
Hallin, E. I., Markússon, S., Böttger, L., Torda, A. E., Bramham, C. R., & Kursula, P. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.388496 · Cited by 2
Tropomyosin: A cross-reactive invertebrate allergen
Kamath, S. D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96018-2.00147-4 · Cited by 2
Mapping the dimerization specificity of bZIP transcription factors in bread wheatPreprint
Kaur, R., Sharma, N., Jain, P., Verma, M., Apkari, A., & Rishi, V. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637863 · Cited by 2
pH-dependent response of coiled coils: a coarse-grained molecular simulation study
Enciso, M., Schütte, C., & Site, L. D. (2013) · Molecular Physics · doi:10.1080/00268976.2013.827254 · Cited by 1
Arasakumar, N., Loganathan, V., NATESH, R., & Ponnuraj, K. (2024) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2024.2304678 · Cited by 1
Engineering and characterization of a pH ‐sensitive homodimeric antiparallel coiled coil
Nagarkar, R. P., Fichman, G., & Schneider, J. P. (2020) · Peptide Science · doi:10.1002/pep2.24180 · Cited by 1
(1983) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.1983.4788057 · Cited by 1
Development of a Biomembrane Sensor Based on Reflectometry
Stephan, M. (2013) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4000 · Cited by 1
Amylin Structure, Aggregation and Pancreatic β Cell Toxicity
Patil, S. M. (2015) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Identification of novel protein scaffolds for small molecules binding and for catalysis
Luisi, I. (2012) · OpenstarTs (Univeristy of Trieste https://www.units.it/)
A method for the genetically encoded incorporation of FRET pairs into proteins
Lammers, C. R. (2014) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4673
Engineering of coiled-coil protein scaffolds as innovative tools for biosensing applications
Gaiotto, T. (2009) · OpenstarTs (Univeristy of Trieste https://www.units.it/)
Meet to Fold: The Peculiar Folding of Oligomeric Protens
Jelesarov, I., & Karshikoff, A. (2008) · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment · doi:10.1080/13102818.2008.10817519
Self-citationA Trigger Sequence in a Leucine Zipper Aids its Dimerization; Simulation ResultsPreprint
Cukier, R. I. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.08093
Adventures in Structureland: Exploring Protein Conformational Plasticity by NMR
Kaplan, A. R. (2019) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Notari, E., Wood, C. W., & Michel, J. (2024) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-t02df
Arasakumar, N., Loganathan, V., NATESH, R., & Ponnuraj, K. (2025) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2025.2549436
Sudden Death-Associated KCNH2 Variants Have Opposing Effects on hERG1 NP FunctionPreprint
Sanchez-Conde, F. G., Goodrich, M., Stack, O., Goldberg, L., Ruzycki, P., Jain, A., Jimenez-Vazquez, E. N., & Jones, D. K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684168
Sanchez-Conde, F. G., Goodrich, M. R., Stack, O., Goldberg, L., Ruzycki, P., Jain, A., Jimenez-Vazquez, E. N., & Jones, D. A. (2026) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111296
High-pH NMR to Identify Macromolecular Hydrogen-Bonds and Foldons
Alexandrescu, A. T., Rua, A. J., Shah, S., Fairchild, D., & Bezsonova, I. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6c04516
Self-citationProtein Dynamics: Aggregation and Mechanical Unfolding
Mitternacht, S. (2009) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.1732.4965
Structural basis of DNA binding complexes
Walavalkar, N. M. (2013) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/0c17-ts14
Metadata
- Authors
- Steinmetz, M. O., Jelesarov, I., Matousek, W. M., Honnappa, S., Jahnke, W., Missimer, J. H., Frank, S., Alexandrescu, A. T., & Kammerer, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Paul Scherrer Institute (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- *Biomolecular Research, Structural Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-04-24
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 7062-7067
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1855353
- OpenAlex
- W2032892814
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (109423)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- GCN4, leucine zipper, helix stabilization, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, protein folding mechanism, dimerization
- MeSH terms
- Arginine, DNA-Binding Proteins, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Peptides, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Transcription Factors, Leucine Zippers, Protein Folding, Amino Acid Substitution, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Mutant Proteins, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review