The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional network reorganization during learning in a brain-computer interface paradigm
Open accessAbstract
Efforts to study the neural correlates of learning are hampered by the size of the network in which learning occurs. To understand the importance of learning-related changes in a network of neurons, it is necessary to understand how the network acts as a whole to generate behavior. Here we introduce a paradigm in which the output of a cortical network can be perturbed directly and the neural basis of the compensatory changes studied in detail. Using a brain-computer interface, dozens of simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex of awake, behaving monkeys are used to control the movement of a cursor in a three-dimensional virtual-reality environment. This device creates a precise, well-defined mapping between the firing of the recorded neurons and an expressed behavior (cursor movement). In a series of experiments, we force the animal to relearn the association between neural firing and cursor movement in a subset of neurons and assess how the network changes to compensate. We find that changes in neural activity reflect not only an alteration of behavioral strategy but also the relative contributions of individual neurons to the population error signal.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another similar, overstated extrapolation regards evidence from invasive and semi-invasive BCI, where learning and co-adaptation have been well documented [19,23,24,57–59].”
From The Cybathlon BCI race: Successful longitudinal mutual learning with two tetraplegic users (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
Cites
The Organization of Behavior; A Neuropsychological Theory.
Attneave, F., B., M., & Hebb, D. O. (1950) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1418888 · Cited by 5,146
The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory
(1950) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02910470083028 · Cited by 4,272
Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04970 · Cited by 3,295
Georgopoulos, A. P., Kalaska, J. F., Caminiti, R., & Massey, J. (1982) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-11-01527.1982 · Cited by 2,133
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149 · Cited by 2,083 · cited 1×
“f==bo+mcoso, [1]”
Steps toward Artificial Intelligence
Minsky, M. (1961) · Proceedings of the IRE · doi:10.1109/jrproc.1961.287775 · Cited by 1,796
The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
Salveter, S. C. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-07691-8 · Cited by 1,703
Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding
Velliste, M., Perel, S., Spalding, M. C., Whitford, A. S., & Schwartz, A. B. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06996 · Cited by 1,591
Self-citationDirect Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices
Taylor, D. M., Tillery, S. I. H., & Schwartz, A. B. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070291 · Cited by 1,542
Self-citationReal-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates
Wessberg, J., Stambaugh, C. R., Kralik, J. D., Beck, P. D., Laubach, M., Chapin, J. K., Kim, J., Biggs, S. J., Srinivasan, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35042582 · Cited by 1,491
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 302
Marmarelis, V. Z., Shin, D., Hampson, R. E., Deadwyler, S. A., Song, D. B., & Berger, T. W. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/6/066003 · Cited by 6
Addou, T., Krouchev, N. I., & Kalaska, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00094.2014 · Cited by 6
A rodent brain-machine interface paradigm to study the impact of paraplegia on BMI performance
Bridges, N. R., Meyers, M., Garcia, J., Shewokis, P. A., & Moxon, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.015 · Cited by 7
Direct Neural Control of Anatomically Correct Robotic Hands
Widge, A. S., Moritz, C. T., & Matsuoka, Y. (2010) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-272-8_7 · Cited by 6
Neural Decoding for Motor and Communication Prostheses
Yu, B. M., Santhanam, G., Sahani, M., & Shenoy, K. V. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375027-3.00007-7 · Cited by 7
Brain–computer interfaces as a causal probe for scientific inquiry
Motiwala, A., Soldado-Magraner, J., Batista, A. P., Smith, M. A., & Yu, B. M. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.06.017 · Cited by 7
A reductionist approach to the analysis of learning in brain–computer interfaces
Danziger, Z. C. (2014) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-014-0589-3 · Cited by 5
Salas, M. A., & Tillery, S. I. H. (2016) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00070 · Cited by 6
Li, Y., Sun, R., Zhang, B., Wang, Y., & Li, H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127452 · Cited by 6
Song, W., Cajigas, I., Brown, E. N., & Giszter, S. F. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00062 · Cited by 6
Brain–machine interfaces and transcranial stimulation
Carmena, J. M., & Cohen, L. G. (2012) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52137-8.00027-9 · Cited by 4
Ferrea, E., Morel, P., & Gail, A. (2022) · The Journal of Open Source Software · doi:10.21105/joss.03956 · Cited by 3
Deafferented controllers: a fundamental failure mechanism in cortical neuroprosthetic systems
Galán, F., & Baker, S. N. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00186 · Cited by 4
Intracranialbrain–computer interfaces for communication and control
Jarosiewicz, B., & Hochberg, L. R. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511995583.042 · Cited by 4
Self-citationA theory of brain-computer interface learning via low-dimensional controlPreprint
Menendez, J. A., Hennig, J. A., Golub, M. D., Oby, E. R., Sadtler, P. T., Batista, A. P., Chase, S. M., Yu, B. M., & Latham, P. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.589952 · Cited by 8
Self-citationGuo, H., Kuang, S., & Gail, A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56360-5 · Cited by 3
How different immersive environments affect intracortical brain computer interfaces
Tortolani, A. F., Kunigk, N. G., Sobinov, A. R., Boninger, M. L., Bensmaı̈a, S. J., Collinger, J. L., Hatsopoulos, N. G., & Downey, J. E. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/adb078 · Cited by 3
Altering function in cortical networks by short-latency, paired stimulation
Rebesco, J. M., & Miller, L. E. (2010) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5626822 · Cited by 3
Yu, B. M., & Chase, S. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3723 · Cited by 3
Self-citationSchieber, M. H. (2016) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2016.03.004 · Cited by 3
Li, H., Wang, F., Zhang, Q., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Zheng, X., & Príncipe, J. C. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591374 · Cited by 3
Huang, X., Wu, W. L., Yin, P., & Qiao, H. (2017) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965944 · Cited by 3
A Scaled-Correlation Based Approach for Defining and Analyzing Functional Networks
Dolean, S., Dînșoreanu, M., Muresan, R. C., Geiszt, A., Potolea, R., & Ţincaş, I. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78680-3_6 · Cited by 3
Brain-computer interfaces for basic neuroscience
Batista, A. P. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63934-9.00017-2 · Cited by 3
Flexible Modulation of Neural Variance Facilitates Neuroprosthetic Skill LearningPreprint
You, A. K., Liu, B., Singhal, A., Gowda, S., Moorman, H. G., Orsborn, A. L., Ganguly, K., & Carmena, J. M. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/817346 · Cited by 4
Selective modulation of population dynamics during neuroprosthetic skill learningPreprint
Zippi, E. L., You, A. K., Ganguly, K., & Carmena, J. M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425917 · Cited by 3
Flexible Semiconductor Electrode for in Vivo Neurochemical Recording in the Brain
Wang, X., Wang, X., Xiong, X., Li, Q., Wei, S., Ye, X., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202505086 · Cited by 2
The importance of training brain–machine interface skills
Alawieh, H., Kumar, S., & Millán, J. D. R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24824-5.00005-3 · Cited by 2
Intracortical Brain-machine Interface for Restoring Sensory Motor Function: Progress and Challenges
Wang, X. (2023) · International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences · doi:10.54097/ijbls.v3i2.10514 · Cited by 2
Effective cerebellar neuroprosthetic control after stroke
Rangwani, R., Abbasi, A., & Gulati, T. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116030 · Cited by 2
New Frontiers in Population Recording
Fraser, G. W. (2011) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 2
Self-citationArtificial feedback for invasive brain–computer interfaces
Badakva, A. M., Miller, N. V., & Zobova, L. N. (2016) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119716010023 · Cited by 2
Orthogonalizing the Activity of Two Neural Units for 2D Cursor Movement Control
Zheng, Q., Zhang, Y., Wan, Z., Malik, W. Q., Chen, W., & Zhang, S. (2020) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175931 · Cited by 2
Transitioning from global to local computational strategies during brain-machine interface learning
Bridges, N. R., Stickle, M. P., & Moxon, K. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1371107 · Cited by 2
Shanechi, M. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71976-4_8 · Cited by 2
Reconfiguring Motor Circuits For A Joint Manual And Bci TaskPreprint
Lansdell, B., Milovanovic, I. P., Mellema, C., Fetz, E. E., Fairhall, A. L., & Moritz, C. T. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.344614 · Cited by 3
High-Fidelity Coding with Correlated NeuronsPreprint
da Silveira, R. A., & Berry, M. J. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1307.3591 · Cited by 2
Song, W., Kerr, C. C., Lytton, W. W., & Francis, J. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/a697686c-a062-4520-a9df-d5d0bbb42c7d · Cited by 2
An intracortical brain-machine interface based on macaque ventral premotor activity
Schrijver, S. D., Ramirez, J. G., Iregui, S., Aertbeliën, E., Schutter, J. D., Theys, T., Decramer, T., & Janssen, P. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38536-1 · Cited by 2
A roadmap to navigate the future of neural engineering
Grill, W. M., Chestek, C. A., Wang, Y., Aberra, A. S., Alain Destexhe, A., Chan, R. H. M., Lu, B., Hanein, Y., Robinson, J. T., Whitmire, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ae78c2 · Cited by 2
Progress toward a high-performance neural prosthetic
Schwartz, A. B. (2013) · International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) · doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506612 · Cited by 1
Self-citationThe current state of the brain—computer interface problem
Shurkhay, V. A., Александрова, Е. В., Aa, P., & Goryaynov, S. A. (2015) · Burdenko s Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.17116/neiro201579197-104 · Cited by 1
Brain–Machine Interface Using Brain Surface Electrodes
Hirata, M., Yanagisawa, T., Matsushita, K., Sugata, H., Kamitani, Y., Suzuki, T., Yokoi, H., Goto, T., Morris, S., Saitoh, Y., et al. (2012) · Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2196-1.ch036 · Cited by 1
Human Single Unit Activity for Reach and Grasp Motor Prostheses
Fried, I. (2014) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027205.003.0017 · Cited by 1
Combining Neural Population Recordings: Theory and Application
Bishop, W. E. (2015) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6715196 · Cited by 1
VanGilder, P. S., Shi, Y., Apker, G. A., & Buneo, C. A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88278-5 · Cited by 1
Neural correlates of learning in a linear discriminant analysis brain-computer interface paradigm
Lo, Y. T., Premchand, B., Libedinsky, C., & So, R. Q. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac985f · Cited by 1
Brain-Machine Interfaces: From Restoring Sensorimotor Control to Augmenting Cognition
Moxon, K. A., Kong, Z., & Ditterich, J. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_36 · Cited by 1
Less is more: selection from a small set of options improves BCI velocity control
Alcolea, P. I., Ma, X., Bodkin, K. L., Miller, L. E., & Danziger, Z. C. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/adbcd9 · Cited by 1
Santos-Veloso, M. A. O., Figueredo, J. D. D. S., Bezerra, L. S., & Magalhães, F. N. D. O. (2016) · Revista de Medicina e Saúde de Brasília · doi:10.5935/2238-5339.20160001 · Cited by 1
Quantitative Modeling on Nonstationary Neural Spikes: From Reinforcement Learning to Point Process
Zhang, X., Chen, S., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_69-2 · Cited by 1
Quantitative Modeling on Nonstationary Neural Spikes: From Reinforcement Learning to Point Process
Zhang, X., Chen, S., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_69 · Cited by 1
Song, W., Kerr, C. C., Lytton, W. W., & Francis, J. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/26c3d7a9-80dc-4719-bf61-968e5f322983 · Cited by 1
Representation and control in closed-loop brain-machine interface systems
Moorman, H. G. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Advanced User Interfaces for Upper Limb Functional Electrical Stimulation
Corbett, E. A., Éthier, C., Oby, E. R., Kording, K. P., Perreault, E. J., & Miller, L. E. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118628522.ch19 · Cited by 1
Neural population variance explains adaptation differences during learningPreprint
Stealey, H. M., Zhao, Y., Lu, H., Contreras-Hernandez, E., Chang, Y.-J., Tobler, P. N., Lewis‐Peacock, J. A., & Santacruz, S. R. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.616115 · Cited by 1
Ferrea, E., Morel, P., & Gail, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.03.621745 · Cited by 1
A theory of brain-computer interface learning via low-dimensional controlPreprint
Menendez, J. A., Hennig, J. A., Golub, M. D., Oby, E. R., Sadtler, P. T., Batista, A. P., Chase, S. M., Yu, B. M., & Latham, P. E. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106309.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationA theory of brain-computer interface learning via low-dimensional controlPreprint
Menendez, J. A., Hennig, J. A., Golub, M. D., Oby, E. R., Sadtler, P. T., Batista, A. P., Chase, S. M., Yu, B. M., & Latham, P. E. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106309 · Cited by 1
Self-citationLarge-Scale Neuronal Network Changes Underlying Neuroprosthetic Learning
Koralek, A. C. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Translational research: application to human neural injury
Selzer, M. E., Clarke, S., Cohen, L. G., Kwakkel, G., & Miller, R. H. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511995583.039
A model of motor learning in closed-loop brain-machine interfaces: Predicting neural tuning changes
Héliot, R., & Carmena, J. M. (2009) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346704
Investigation of Methods for Assessing Sensorimotor Performance in Humans and Monkeys
Quick, K. M. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Chase, S., & Schwartz, A. (2010)
Self-citationChase, M., Kass, R. E., & Schwartz, A. B. (2012)
Self-citationadaptation reflects muscle-like dynamics Primary motor cortical discharge during force field
Fernandes, H. L., Miller, L. E., Addou, T., Krouchev, N. I., & Kalaska, J. F. (2015)
So, K. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
IMPROVING DECODING IN INTRACORTICAL BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACES
Stetner, M. E. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Moxon, K. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5227-0_3
Limits of Information Transmission in Primary Motor Cortex
Rasmussen, R. G. (2016) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Whitford, A. S. (2016) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Gowda, S. (2013) · UC Berkeley
McGie, S. C. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Neely, R. (2017) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Galgali, A. R., & Mante, V. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0105-5
A Conversation with Robert E. Kass
Behseta, S. (2019) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/18-sts691
Современное состояние проблемы «интерфейс мозг—компьютер»
Shurkhay, V. A., Aleksandrova, E. V., Potapov, A. A., & Goryainov, S. A. (2015)
Neural Correlates of Learning of Brain-Machine Interfaces
You, A. K. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Operant Conditioning of Single Neuron Activity in Brain-Machine Interfaces
Garcia, G., & Gabriela, M. (2020)
Terapêutica no cancro do cólon e recto: contribuição da via de sinalização APC/β-catenina/TCF7L2
Gonçalves, N. C. R. (2010) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Chen, Z. S., & Sarma, S. V. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71976-4_1
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Learning by neural reassociation.
Kalaska, J. F. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.732828264.793560117
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neural constraints on learning.
Kalaska, J. F. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718546237.793560114
Brain-Machine Interfaces: From Restoring Sensorimotor Control to Augmenting Cognition
Moxon, K. A., Kong, Z., & Ditterich, J. (2022) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_36-1
Wan, Z., Liu, T., Ran, X., Liu, P., Chen, W., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2023.1135783 · Cited by 1
Rhesus monkeys learn to control a directional-key inspired brain machine interface via bio-feedback
Zhang, C., Wang, H., Tang, S., & Li, Z. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286742
(2024) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/13804.003.0019
Mender, M. J., Ward, A. L., Cubillos, L. H., Kelberman, M. M., Costello, J. T., Temmar, H., Wallace, D. M., Lin, E. T., Lam, J. L. W., Willsey, M. S., et al. (2026) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-026-02091-7 · Cited by 2
Lux, V. (2024) · SpringerBriefs in psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55229-8_4
Long-term neuron tracking reveals balance of stability and plasticity in functional properties
Lu, H., Stealey, H. M., Zhao, Y., Barnett, C. R., Contreras-Hernandez, E., & Santacruz, S. R. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321830
CLOOSE: An open-source platform for optical closed-loop experimentsPreprint
Francioni, V., Beltramini, A., Fan, L. Z., & Harnett, M. T. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.648061
Population-level constraints on single neuron tuning changes during behavioral adaptationPreprint
Stealey, H. M., Zhao, Y., Lu, H., Contreras-Hernandez, E., Chang, Y.-J., Tobler, P. N., Lewis‐Peacock, J. A., & Santacruz, S. R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.17.649401
Ferrea, E., Morel, P., & Gail, A. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003408 · Cited by 1
On the neural mechanism of flexible bimanual movement control = 柔軟な両腕運動制御を実現する計算論的神経機構
Yokoi, A. (2013) · Medical Entomology and Zoology
Voluntary control of neural oscillations in the human brain
Corlier, J. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7ceb116bz9921z42dfzbb8fz9f534a47bbcd
Abbasi, A. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d2187cf3z47a0z4420z8005zb0c6f6b4e73f
Metadata
- Authors
- Jarosiewicz, B., Chase, S. M., Fraser, G. W., Velliste, M., Kass, R. E., & Schwartz, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-12-09
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- 19486-19491
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2614787
- OpenAlex
- W2128675085
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01eb005847-04)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-2-2346)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB005847, R01-EB005847)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Keywords
- neural learning, brain-computer interface, motor cortex, single-unit recording, behavioral strategies, neural correlates of learning, monkeys
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Association Learning, Electrodes, Implanted, Macaca mulatta, Male, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Psychomotor Performance, User-Computer Interface, Neural Networks, Computer, Prostheses and Implants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review