CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V.; Merzenich, Michael M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149

Cited by 2,083Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M.·1998·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149

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Abstract

It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…

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These theoretical predictions are entirely consistent with empirical and computational characterisations of plasticity.
“These theoretical predictions are entirely consistent with empirical and computational characterisations of plasticity [56],[57].”
From Hierarchical Models in the Brain (2008) · cites this paper as [56]

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Long-term retention of learning-induced receptive-field plasticity in the auditory cortex.
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Variable organization in cortical maps of the skin as an indication of the lifelong adaptive capacities of circuits in the mammalian brain
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Neural Stem Cells Are Blasting Off
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Cortical reorganization in human amputees and mislocalization of painful stimuli to the phantom limb
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Time-dependent decrease in the extent of visual deafferentation in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult cats with small retinal lesions
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Long-term depression at synapses in slices of rat hippocampus can be induced by bursts of postsynaptic activity
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Alterations in correlated activity parallel ICMS-induced representational plasticity
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What should a biochemistry of learning and memory be about?
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Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement
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Long-term depression but not potentiation is induced in Ca2+-chelated visual cortex neurons
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Hebb-Type Dynamics is Sufficient to Account for the Inverse Magnification Rule in Cortical Somatotopy
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Cortical Map Reorganization as a Competitive Process
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Chapter 1 Brain secretory peptides of the silkmoth Bombyx mori: Prothoracicotropic hormone and bombyxin
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2 of the 192 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

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A theory of cortical responses.
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Spinal and Supraspinal Factors in Human Muscle Fatigue
Gandevia, S. C. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725 · Cited by 3,659 · see citing works
Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: An Evaluation of the Hypothesis
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The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory
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The Proprioceptive Senses: Their Roles in Signaling Body Shape, Body Position and Movement, and Muscle Force
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Spike Timing–Dependent Plasticity: A Hebbian Learning Rule
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Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
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“Location is everything in cortical physiology: much like the demand for a vacant lot in Manhattan, if a single digit is removed in an adult animal (a form of deafferentation ) the cortical territory devoted to that digit rapidly remaps to represent the intact digits that project to the neighbouring corte”
Background
Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain
Holtmaat, A., & Svoboda, K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2699 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works
“, a phenomenon that may underlie functional reorganization of cortical map”
Background
The social brain in adolescence
Blakemore, S.-J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2353 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
“Furthermore, synaptic plasticity is a baseline property of the brain even in adulthood, and it occurs whenever something is learne”
An information integration theory of consciousness
Tononi, G. (2004) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-5-42 · Cited by 1,757 · see citing works
“What matters here is that such perceptual learning depends upon specific changes in the physical substrate of our consciousness – notably a refinement and rearranging of connections patterns among neurons in appropriate parts of the thalamocortical system (e.g [ 11 ]).”
Background
Training and plasticity of working memory
Klingberg, T. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Synaptic Modification by Correlated Activity: Hebb's Postulate Revisited
Bi, G., & Poo, M. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.139 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works
Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
Stefan, K. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.3.572 · Cited by 1,484 · see citing works
Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory
Olesen, P. J., Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1165 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Words in the brain's language
Pulvermüller, F. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x9900182x · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications
Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Rumsey, J. M., Hicks, R., Cameron, J., Chen, D., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr039 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
“The systems and behavioural level responses to treatments that promote neuroplasticity have been well reviewed elsewhere (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Strangman et al., 2005; Hodics et al., 2006; Penner et al., 2006; Frewen et al., 2008; Rosser and Floel, 2008; Swart et al., 2009).”
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Authors: Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Buonomano, Dean V.
Merzenich, Michael M.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 149-186
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
OpenAlex: W2158935809
Cited by: 2,083
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 8.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

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