Cited by 346Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy DevelopmentHemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience

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Phonological decisions require both the left and right supramarginal gyri

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Hartwigsen, Gesa, Baumgaertner, Annette, Price, Cathy J., Koehnke, Maria, Ulmer, Stephan, Siebner, Hartwig R.·2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1008121107PMC PMC2944751

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Abstract

Recent functional imaging studies demonstrated that both the left and right supramarginal gyri (SMG) are activated when healthy right-handed subjects make phonological word decisions. However, lesion studies typically report difficulties with phonological processing after left rather than right hemisphere damage. Here, we used a unique dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approach to test whether the SMG in the right hemisphere contributes to modality-independent (i.e., auditory and visual) phonological decisions. To test task-specificity, we compared the effect of real or sham TMS during phonological, semantic, and perceptual decisions. To test laterality and anatomical specificity, we compared the effect of TMS over the left, right, or bilateral SMG and angular gyri. The accuracy and reaction times of phonological decisions were selectively disrupted relative to semantic and perceptual decisions when real TMS was applied over the left, right, or bilateral SMG. These effects were not observed for TMS over the angular gyri. A follow-up experiment indicated that the threshold-intensity for inducing a disruptive effect on phonological decisions was identical for unilateral TMS over the right or left SMG. Taken together, these findings provide converging evidence that the right SMG contributes to accurate and efficient phonological decisions in the healthy brain, with no evidence that the left and right SMG can compensate for one another during TMS. Our findings motivate detailed studies of phonological processing in patients with acute or long-term damage of the right SMG.

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Ntemou, E., Ohlerth, A., Ille, S., Krieg, S. M., Bastiaanse, R., & Rofes, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.719461 · Cited by 15
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Ma, R., Xie, R., Wang, Y., Meng, J., Wei, Y., Cai, Y., Xi, W., & Pan, Y. F. (2024) · Big Data Mining and Analytics · doi:10.26599/bdma.2024.9020004 · Cited by 15
“Function of area supramarginal [41 , 42] phonological decisions and visual word recognition inferiortemporal [43] visual recognition of objects could help target treatment.”
Online Effects of Beta-tACS Over the Left Prefrontal Cortex on Phonological Decisions
Moliadze, V., Stenner, T., Matern, S., Siniatchkin, M., Nees, F., & Hartwigsen, G. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.002 · Cited by 15
Repetition Suppression for Speech Processing in the Associative Occipital and Parietal Cortex of Congenitally Blind Adults
Arnaud, L., Sato, M., Ménard, L., & Gracco, V. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064553 · Cited by 15
“The expanded regions of suppression were observed in extrastriate regions including the left fusiform gyrus and bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), the latter area associated with phonological processing [34] and visual word recognition [35]–[36] in SI and Braille reading in the blind […”
Background
Electrophysiological Evidence for Impaired Attentional Engagement with Phonologically Acceptable Misspellings in Developmental Dyslexia
Savill, N. J., & Thierry, G. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00139 · Cited by 18
“…al., 2010; Newman and Joanisse, 2011) and more generally in sublexical decoding processes (e.g., Jobard et al., 2003; Levy et al., 2009; Graves et al., 2010), phonological judgments (Stoeckel et al., 2009; Hartwigsen et al., 2010), and verbal working memory involvement (see Ravizza et al., 2011).”
Background
The Ventral Anterior Temporal Lobe has a Necessary Role in Exception Word Reading
Ueno, T., Meteyard, L., Hoffman, P., & Murayama, K. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy131 · Cited by 15
“SMG was chosen because this area is well known as a phonological processing area (Fridriksson et al. 2010; Hartwigsen et al. 2010; Richlan 2012; Sliwinska et al. 2014; Pattamadilok et al. 2015) but is not thought to be involved in semantic processing.”
Method
Behavioral Effects of Chronic Gray and White Matter Stroke Lesions in a Functionally Defined Connectome for Naming
Xing, S., Mandal, A. S., Lacey, E. H., Skipper‐Kallal, L. M., Zeng, J., & Turkeltaub, P. E. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968318780351 · Cited by 15
The phonological loop: is speech special?
Deschamps, I., Courson, M., Dick, A. S., & Tremblay, P. (2020) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05886-9 · Cited by 15
Cortical Structural Connectivity Alterations and Potential Pathogenesis in Mid-Stage Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease
Deng, X., Liu, Z., Kang, Q., Lü, L., Zhu, Y., & Xu, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.650371 · Cited by 16
Probabilistic orthographic cues to grammatical category in the brain
Arciuli, J., McMahon, K. L., & de Zubicaray, G. I. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.09.009 · Cited by 15
“…with fMRI and TMS has ascribed a relatively specific role for the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in terms of orthography-to-phonology conversion (e.g., Hartwigsen et al., 2010; Stoeckel, Gough, Watkins, & Devlin, 2009), and recent perspectives have linked the left SMG with a 'non-semantic…”
Longitudinal developmental trajectories of functional connectivity reveal regional distribution of distinct age effects in infancy
Liu, J., Chen, H., Cornea, E. A., Gilmore, J. H., & Gao, W. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad288 · Cited by 20
Neural correlates of working memory in children and adolescents with agenesis of the corpus callosum: An fMRI study
Siffredi, V., Spencer‐Smith, M. M., Barrouillet, P., Vaessen, M. J., Leventer, R. J., Anderson, V. A., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.008 · Cited by 15
Adaptive short-term plasticity in the typical reading network
Turker, S., Kuhnke, P., Schmid, F. R., Cheung, V. K. M., Weise, K., Knoke, M., Zeidler, B. M., Seidel, K., Eckert, L., & Hartwigsen, G. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120373 · Cited by 12
Semantic representations in inferior frontal and lateral temporal cortex during picture naming, reading, and repetition
Liuzzi, A. G., Meersmans, K., Peeters, R. R., Deyne, S. D., Dupont, P. J., & Vandenberghe, R. R. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26603 · Cited by 12
“Although the supramarginal gyrus has been more consistently implicated in phonological (Hartwigsen et al., 2010; Oberhuber et al., 2016) than in semantic processing, in a number of studies the inferior parietal activation during semantic tasks extends into the dorsal supramarginal gyrus during…”
Background
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor evoked potentials in speech perception research
Adank, P., Nuttall, H. E., & Kennedy‐Higgins, D. (2016) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2016.1257816 · Cited by 13
Central network changes in patients with advanced monocular blindness: A voxel‐based morphometric study
Shi, W., He, Y., Li, Q., Tang, L., Li, B., Lin, Q., Min, Y., Yuan, Q., Zhu, P., Liang, R., et al. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1421 · Cited by 11
“A previous study has shown that the SMG is activated when healthy participants made speech word decisions (Hartwigsen et al., 2010).”
Background
Are alpha and beta oscillations spatially dissociated over the cortex in context‐driven spoken‐word production?
Cao, Y., Oostenveld, R., Alday, P. M., & Piai, V. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13999 · Cited by 13
“The pSTG has also been found to be bilaterally associated with lexical semantic processing (Senaha et al., 2005; Wright et al., 2012), and the SMG bilaterally with phonological processing (Hartwigsen et al., 2010) and verbal working memory (Deschamps et al., 2014) in healthy right- handed adults.”
Background
Modelling brain representations of abstract concepts
KAISER, D. H., Jacobs, A. M., & Cichy, R. M. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009837 · Cited by 13
“IPC is also sensitive to sensory properties, such as visual form [20] and phonological speech attributes [21].”
Background
Interleaving Motor Sequence Training With High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Facilitates Consolidation
Rumpf, J., May, L., Fricke, C., Claßen, J., & Hartwigsen, G. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz145 · Cited by 13
Neural Basis Of Sound-Symbolic Pseudoword-Shape Correspondences
Barany, D. A., Lacey, S., Matthews, K. L., Nygaard, L. C., & Sathian, K. (2023) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108657 · Cited by 12
Phonological picture–word interference in language mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation: an objective approach for functional parcellation of Broca’s region
Sakreida, K., Blume-Schnitzler, J., Heim, S., Willmes, K., Clusmann, H., & Neuloh, G. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01891-z · Cited by 12
Analysis of fMRI Signals from Working Memory Tasks and Resting-State of Brain: Neutrosophic-Entropy-Based Clustering Algorithm
Singh, P., Wa̧torek, M., Ceglarek, A., Fąfrowicz, M., Lewandowska, K., Marek, T., Sikora-Wachowicz, B., & Oświȩcimka, P. (2022) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065722500125 · Cited by 12
Phonological Working Memory Representations in the Left Inferior Parietal Lobe in the Face of Distraction and Neural Stimulation
Yue, Q., & Martin, R. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.890483 · Cited by 12
Wellbeing and brain structure: A comprehensive phenotypic and genetic study of image‐derived phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Jamshidi, J., Park, H. R. P., Montalto, A., Fullerton, J. M., & Gatt, J. M. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25993 · Cited by 12
Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect
Pratt, H., Bleich, N., & Mittelman, N. (2015) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.407 · Cited by 12
“More recent neuroimaging studies suggested that Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas were only part of a wider network including multiple supplementary areas (Pulverm€ uller 1996), perisylvian areas in the left hemisphere and other areas in both hemispheres, reflecting specific features of speech (Pulverm€ uller and Mohr 1996…”
BackgroundResult
Brain Activation of Identity Switching in Multiple Identity Tracking Task
Lyu, C., Hu, S., Wei, L., Zhang, X., & Talhelm, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145489 · Cited by 12
Auditory functional magnetic resonance in awake (nonsedated) and propofol‐sedated children
Gemma, M. F., Scola, E., Baldoli, C., Mucchetti, M., Pontesilli, S., Vitis, A. D., Falini, A., & Beretta, L. (2016) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/pan.12884 · Cited by 12
Neurocognitive signatures of phonemic sequencing in expert backward speakers
Torres‐Prioris, M. J., López-Barroso, D., Càmara, E., Fittipaldi, S., Sedeño, L., Ibáñez, A. M., Berthier, M. L., & García, A. M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67551-z · Cited by 12
Associations of gestational age with gyrification and neurocognition in healthy adults
Schmitt, S., Ringwald, K. G., Meller, T., Stein, F., Brosch, K., Pfarr, J., Hahn, T., Lemke, H., Meinert, S., Repple, J., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01454-0 · Cited by 13
“The supramarginal gyrus, as part of Wernicke’s area, has repeatedly been linked to phonological decisions [96, 97], syntax [98] and semantics [99, 100].”
Background
Acoustically presented semantic decision-making tasks provide a robust depiction of the temporo-parietal speech areas
Jensen‐Kondering, U., Ghobadi, Z., Wolff, S., Jansen, O., & Ulmer, S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2011.04.038 · Cited by 13
The right hemisphere’s capacity for language: evidence from primary progressive aphasia
Neophytou, K., Wiley, R. W., Litovsky, C. P., Tsapkini, K., & Rapp, B. C. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad258 · Cited by 12
Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls
Kinsey, S., Kazimierczak, K., Andrés-Camazón, P., Chen, J., Adalı, T., Kochunov, P., Adhikari, B. M., Ford, J. M., van Erp, T. G. M., Dhamala, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00341-y · Cited by 12
“ENL tests also identified a sizable volume with higher SZ values within the right supramarginal gyrus, which has been shown to play a role in phonological decision-making 67 .”
Reemergence of the language network during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury: A pilot functional MRI study
Coffey, B. J., Threlkeld, Z. D., Foulkes, A. S., Bodien, Y. G., & Edlow, B. L. (2021) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1972455 · Cited by 11
“While the mechanistic contributions of the right supramarginal and right middle temporal gyri to language recovery are not fully understood, the supramarginal gyrus is connected to both the IFG and STG by branches of the arcuate fasciculus (37) and is believed to integrate the auditory representation of spoken words w…”
Background
Reading-related Brain Function Restored to Normal After Articulation Training in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: An fMRI Study
Sun, L., Zhang, W., Wang, M., Wang, S., Li, Z., Zhao, C., Lin, M., Si, Q., Li, X., Liang, Y., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-022-00918-6 · Cited by 11
“The left ANG plays an important role in speech and writing [48], and the SMG is involved in language perception and processing [49].”
Background
Differences in Intrinsic Brain Abnormalities Between Patients With Left- and Right-Sided Long-Term Hearing Impairment
Xie, X., Liu, Y., Han, X., Liu, P., Qiu, H. J., Li, J., & Yu, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00206 · Cited by 11
Connecting the dots: rethinking the relationship between code and prose writing with functional connectivity
Karas, Z., Jahn, A., Weimer, W. R., & Huang, Y. (2021) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/3468264.3468579 · Cited by 11
“Many of the destination areas have been implicated in sensation [48], attention [58], and working memory [66].”
Neuro-cognitive aspects of “OM” sound/syllable perception: A functional neuroimaging study
Kumar, U., Guleria, A., & Khetrapal, C. L. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.917609 · Cited by 11
“The activation in right SMG has been reported to be due to accurate and efficient phonological decisions (Hartwigsen et al., 2010), i.”
BackgroundResult
From Mimicry to Language: A Neuroanatomically Based Evolutionary Model of the Emergence of Vocal Language
Poliva, O. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00307 · Cited by 12
Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice
Marin-Garcia, E., Mattfeld, A. T., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.584560 · Cited by 11
Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation on the Left Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus Perturbs Complex Syntactic Processing Stability in Mandarin Chinese
Wu, J.-J., Cheng, Y., Qu, X., Kang, T.-M., Cai, Y., Wang, P., Zaccarella, E., Friederici, A., Hartwigsen, G., & Chen, L.-Y. (2024) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00140 · Cited by 9
“This challenge has been encountered in many previous studies (e.g., Hartwigsen et al., 2010; Jodzio et al., 2023; Pestalozzi et al., 2018).”
Result
Graded decisions in the human brain
Xie, T., Adamek, M., Cho, H., Adamo, M. A., Ritaccio, A., Willie, J. T., Brunner, P., & Kubanek, J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48342-w · Cited by 11
“5), which represents higher-order cognitive variables rather than movements 15,62,68,69 .”
The Protective Influence of Bilingualism on the Recovery of Phonological Input Processing in Aphasia After Stroke
Letter, M. D., Cocquyt, E., Cromheecke, O., Criel, Y., Cock, E. D., Herdt, V. D., Szmalec, A., & Duyck, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.553970 · Cited by 10
Canonical Sentence Processing and the Inferior Frontal Cortex: Is There a Connection?
Riccardi, N., Rorden, C., Fridriksson, J., & Desai, R. H. (2022) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00067 · Cited by 10
“…STM. Similar to the pSTG, previous studies implicate the SMG in phonological processing, auditory-verbal STM, and the processing of lexical and sub-lexical cues in both visual and auditory modalities (Deschamps et al., 2014; Hartwigsen et al., 2010; Oberhuber et al., 2016; Sliwinska et al., 2012).”
Result
Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with (f)MRI
Hartwigsen, G., Kassuba, T., & Siebner, H. (2020) · fMRI · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68132-8_16 · Cited by 6
Differences of brain electrical activity between moderate and severe obstructive sleep apneic patients: a LORETA study
Tóth, M., Kondákor, I., & Faludi, B. (2016) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12403 · Cited by 10
“…receives somatosensory, visual and auditory inputs from the brain, is associated with interpreting tactile sensory data and is involved in perception of space and limbs location; it is also ª 2016 European Sleep Research Society required when making phonological decisions (Hartwigsen et al., 2010).”
Background
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left temporoparietal cortex facilitates assembled phonology
Xue, H., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Chen, C., & Xue, G. (2017) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2017.08.001 · Cited by 12
“Our findings are in line with previous brain stimulation studies that highlighted the role of the LTPC in word learning [41,42,44,68].”
Result
Relationship between Memory Load and Listening Demands in Age-Related Hearing Impairment
Pauquet, J., Thiel, C. M., Mathys, C., & Rosemann, S. (2021) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2021/8840452 · Cited by 11
“The left supramarginal gyrus is involved in word processing and phonological decisionmaking [39, 40].”
Background
Magnetoencephalography reveals differences in brain activations for fast and slow responses to simple multiplications
Arcara, G., Pezzetta, R., Benavides‐Varela, S., Rizzi, G., Formica, S., Turco, C., Piccione, F., & Semenza, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97927-8 · Cited by 10

Authors: Hartwigsen, G., Baumgaertner, A., Price, C. J., Koehnke, M., Ulmer, S., & Siebner, H. R.
Affiliations: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
Hvidovre Hospital (DK)
ORCID: Hartwigsen, Gesa
Baumgaertner, Annette
Price, Cathy J.
Siebner, Hartwig R.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2010-08-31
Volume: 107
Issue: 38
Pages: 16494-16499
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1008121107
PMC: PMC2944751
OpenAlex: W2156169663
Cited by: 346
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 8.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (082420)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
Keywords: supramarginal gyrus, right hemisphere, phonological processing, transcranial magnetic stimulation, angular gyrus, hemispheric lateralization, semantic judgment, perceptual decision making
MeSH terms: Adult, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Language, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Parietal Lobe, Reaction Time, Semantics, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult

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Phonological decisions require both the left and right supramarginal gyri

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