The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complementary assays reveal a relationship between HIV-1 uncoating and reverse transcription
Open accessAbstract
During the early stages of HIV-1 replication the conical capsid composed of p24 CA protein dissociates from the rest of the cytoplasmic viral complex by a process called uncoating. Although proper uncoating is known to be required for HIV-1 infection, many questions remain about the timing and factors involved in the process. Here we have used two complementary assays to study the process of uncoating in HIV-1–infected cells, specifically looking at the timing of uncoating and its relationship to reverse transcription. We developed a fluorescent microscopy-based uncoating assay that detects the association of p24 CA with HIV-1 viral complexes in cells. We also used an owl monkey kidney (OMK) cell assay that is based on timed TRIM-CypA–mediated restriction of HIV-1 replication. Results from both assays indicate that uncoating is initiated within 1 h of viral fusion. In addition, treatment with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine delayed uncoating in both assays. Analysis of reverse transcription products in OMK cells revealed that the generation of early reverse transcription products coincides with the timing of uncoating in these assays. Collectively, these results suggest that some aspect of reverse transcription has the ability to influence the kinetics of uncoating.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This RTC is actively transported to the chromosomal DNA, where integration may occur [6–9].”
From Clinical use of lentiviral vectors (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia
He, J., Chen, Y., Farzan, M., Choe, H., Öhagen, Å., Gartner, S., Busciglio, J. A., Yang, X., Hofmann, W., Newman, W., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385645a0 · Cited by 915
Visualization of the intracellular behavior of HIV in living cells
McDonald, D. J., Vodicka, M. A., Lucero, G. R., Svitkina, T., Borisy, G. G., Emerman, M., & Hope, T. J. (2002) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200203150 · Cited by 800
Self-citationHow Viruses Enter Animal Cells
Smith, A. E., & Helenius, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094823 · Cited by 740
A quantitative assay for HIV DNA integration in vivo
Butler, S. L., Hansen, M. S., & Bushman, F. D. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/87979 · Cited by 695
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Spinoculation Enhances Infection through Virus Binding
O’Doherty, U., Swiggard, W. J., & Malim, M. H. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.21.10074-10080.2000 · Cited by 669
Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1
Sayah, D. M., Sokolskaja, E., Berthoux, L., & Luban, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02777 · Cited by 662
Miller, M. D., Farnet, C. M., & Bushman, F. D. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.7.5382-5390.1997 · Cited by 620
Nevirapine resistance mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 selected during therapy
Richman, D. D., Havlir, D. V., Corbeil, J., Looney, D. J., Ignacio, C., Spector, S. A., Sullivan, J., Cheeseman, S. H., Barringer, K., & Pauletti, D. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.3.1660-1666.1994 · Cited by 576
Forshey, B. M., von Schwedler, U. K., Sundquist, W. I., & Aiken, C. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.11.5667-5677.2002 · Cited by 514
Bukrinsky, M. I., Sharova, N., McDonald, T. L., Pushkarskaya, T., Tarpley, W. G., & Stevenson, M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6125 · Cited by 451
Functional Surfaces of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Protein
von Schwedler, U. K., Stray, K. M., Garrus, J. E., & Sundquist, W. I. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.9.5439-5450.2003 · Cited by 421
Richman, D. D., Shih, C. K., Lowy, I., Rose, J., Prodanovich, P., Goff, S. P., & Griffin, J. A. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11241 · Cited by 391
Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors
Towers, G. J., Hatziioannou, T., Cowan, S., Goff, S. P., Luban, J., & Bieniasz, P. D. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm910 · Cited by 371
Fassati, A., & Goff, S. P. (2001) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.75.8.3626-3635.2001 · Cited by 330
A Trim5-cyclophilin A fusion protein found in owl monkey kidney cells can restrict HIV-1
Nisole, S., Lynch, C., Stoye, J. P., & Yap, M. W. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0404640101 · Cited by 304
HIV‐1 DNA Flap formation promotes uncoating of the pre‐integration complex at the nuclear pore
Arhel, N. J., Souquère, S., Munier, S., Souque, P., Guadagnini, S., Rutherford, S. A., Prévost, M., Allen, T. D., & Charneau, P. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601740 · Cited by 293
Wu, X., Anderson, J. L., Campbell, E. M., Joseph, A. M., & Hope, T. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510483103 · Cited by 265
Self-citationTRIM5α selectively binds a restriction-sensitive retroviral capsid
Sebastian, S., & Luban, J. (2005) · Retrovirology · doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-40 · Cited by 247
Fredericksen, B. L., Wei, B. L., Yao, J. Q., Luo, T., & García, J. V. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.22.11440-11446.2002 · Cited by 211
Evidence for Direct Involvement of the Capsid Protein in HIV Infection of Nondividing Cells
Yamashita, M., Perez, O., Hope, T. J., & Emerman, M. (2007) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030156 · Cited by 195
Self-citationDismuke, D. J., & Aiken, C. (2006) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.80.8.3712-3720.2006 · Cited by 194
Anderson, J. L., Campbell, E. M., Wu, X., Vandegraaff, N., Engelman, A., & Hope, T. J. (2006) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01052-06 · Cited by 173
Self-citationPérez-Caballero, D., Hatziioannou, T., Zhang, F., Cowan, S., & Bieniasz, P. D. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.24.15567-15572.2005 · Cited by 149
Campbell, E. M., Perez, O., Melar, M., & Hope, T. J. (2006) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.025 · Cited by 141
Self-citationForshey, B. M., Shi, J., & Aiken, C. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.2.869-875.2005 · Cited by 80
Forshey, B. M., & Aiken, C. R. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.7.4409-4414.2003 · Cited by 76
Shi, J., & Aiken, C. (2006) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.013 · Cited by 76
Rodgers, W. (2002) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/02325st05 · Cited by 60
Natural Endogenous Reverse Transcription of HIV Type 1
Zhang, H., Dornadula, G., & Pomerantz, R. J. (1998) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1177/088922299801401s20 · Cited by 14
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical use of lentiviral vectors
Milone, M. C., & O’Doherty, U. (2018) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-018-0106-0 · Cited by 930
HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation
Freed, E. O. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3490 · Cited by 654
HIV-1 capsid: the multifaceted key player in HIV-1 infection
Campbell, E. M., & Hope, T. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3503 · Cited by 430
Self-citationHIV-1 uncoats in the nucleus near sites of integration
Burdick, R. C., Li, C., Munshi, M., Rawson, J. M. O., Nagashima, K., Hu, W.-S., & Pathak, V. K. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1920631117 · Cited by 313
Price, A. J., Jacques, D. A., McEwan, W. A., Fletcher, A. J., Essig, S., Chin, J. W., Halambage, U. D., Aiken, C., & James, L. C. (2014) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004459 · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Hulme, A. E., Perez, O., & Hope, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2011-05-31
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9975-9980
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3116424
- OpenAlex
- W2120792521
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BearWorks (Missouri State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM082545)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI47770, R01AI047770)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Keywords
- reverse transcription, viral capsid, viral fusion, nevirapine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, HeLa Cells, Humans, Luminescent Proteins, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Time Factors, Virion, Virus Replication, HIV-1, Cyclosporine, HIV Core Protein p24, Macrolides, Anti-HIV Agents, Nevirapine, Reverse Transcription, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins, vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HEK293 Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
