The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cells test substrate rigidity by local contractions on submicrometer pillars
Open accessAbstract
Cell growth and differentiation are critically dependent upon matrix rigidity, yet many aspects of the cellular rigidity-sensing mechanism are not understood. Here, we analyze matrix forces after initial cell–matrix contact, when early rigidity-sensing events occur, using a series of elastomeric pillar arrays with dimensions extending to the submicron scale (2, 1, and 0.5 μm in diameter covering a range of stiffnesses). We observe that the cellular response is fundamentally different on micron-scale and submicron pillars. On 2-μm diameter pillars, adhesions form at the pillar periphery, forces are directed toward the center of the cell, and a constant maximum force is applied independent of stiffness. On 0.5-μm diameter pillars, adhesions form on the pillar tops, and local contractions between neighboring pillars are observed with a maximum displacement of ∼60 nm, independent of stiffness. Because mutants in rigidity sensing show no detectable displacement on 0.5-μm diameter pillars, there is a correlation between local contractions to 60 nm and rigidity sensing. Localization of myosin between submicron pillars demonstrates that submicron scale myosin filaments can cause these local contractions. Finally, submicron pillars can capture many details of cellular force generation that are missed on larger pillars and more closely mimic continuous surfaces.
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Cites
Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification
Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 · Cited by 13,915
Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate
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Cell Movement Is Guided by the Rigidity of the Substrate
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Non-muscle myosin II takes centre stage in cell adhesion and migration
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Cells lying on a bed of microneedles: An approach to isolate mechanical force
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Stretching Single Talin Rod Molecules Activates Vinculin Binding
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Self-citationExtracellular Matrix Rigidity Causes Strengthening of Integrin–Cytoskeleton Linkages
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Kechagia, J. Z., Ivaska, J., & Roca-Cusachs, P. (2019) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0134-2 · Cited by 1,311
Self-citationElosegui-Artola, A., Oria, R., Chen, Y., Kosmalska, A., Pérez-González, C., Castro, N., Zhu, C., Trepat, X., & Roca-Cusachs, P. (2016) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3336 · Cited by 858
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Self-citationThe big five in fibrosis: Macrophages, myofibroblasts, matrix, mechanics, and miscommunication
Pakshir, P., & Hinz, B. (2018) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.019 · Cited by 396
Cyclic stretching of soft substrates induces spreading and growth
Cui, Y., Hameed, F. M., Yang, B., Lee, K., Pan, C. Q., Park, S., & Sheetz, M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7333 · Cited by 320
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ghassemi, S., Meacci, G., Liu, S., Gondarenko, A. A., Mathur, A., Roca-Cusachs, P., Sheetz, M. P., & Hone, J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-03-19
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5328-5333
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1999250555
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Ghassemi, S., Meacci, G., Liu, S., Gondarenko, A. A., Mathur, A., Roca-Cusachs, P., Sheetz, M. P., & Hone, J. (2012). Cells test substrate rigidity by local contractions on submicrometer pillars. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119886109
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