The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nucleotide sequences provide evidence of genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi
Open accessAbstract
Simple phylogenetic tests were applied to a large data set of nucleotide sequences from two nuclear genes and a region of the mitochondrial genome of Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent of Chagas' disease. Incongruent gene genealogies manifest genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of T. cruzi . Two widely distributed isoenzyme types of T. cruzi are hybrids, their genetic composition being the likely result of genetic exchange between two distantly related lineages. The data show that the reference strain for the T. cruzi genome project (CL Brener) is a hybrid. Well-supported gene genealogies show that mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences from T. cruzi cluster, respectively, in three or four distinct clades that do not fully correspond to the two previously defined major lineages of T. cruzi . There is clear genetic differentiation among the major groups of sequences, but genetic diversity within each major group is low. We estimate that the major extant lineages of T. cruzi have diverged during the Miocene or early Pliocene (3–16 million years ago).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Dating of the human–ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA.
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., & Yano, T.-A. (1985) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02101694 · Cited by 8,687
Multiple Comparisons of Log-Likelihoods with Applications to Phylogenetic Inference
Shimodaira, H., & Hasegawa, M. (1999) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026201 · Cited by 4,237
Estimating the pattern of nucleotide substitution
Yang, Z. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00178256 · Cited by 1,076
Statistical tests of models of DNA substitution
Goldman, N. (1993) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00166252 · Cited by 736
Cited by
The Genome Sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi , Etiologic Agent of Chagas Disease
El-Sayed, N. M., Myler, P. J., Bartholomeu, D. C., Nilsson, D., Aggarwal, G., Tran, A.-N., Ghedin, E., Worthey, E. A., Delcher, A. L., Blandin, G., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1112631 · Cited by 1,372
Self-citationKinetoplast DNA Network: Evolution of an Improbable Structure
Lukeš, J., Lys Guilbride, D., Votýpka, J., Zíková, A., Benne, R., & Englund, P. T. (2002) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.1.4.495-502.2002 · Cited by 344
Ancestral Genomes, Sex, and the Population Structure of Trypanosoma cruzi
de Freitas, J. M., Augusto-Pinto, L., Pimenta, J. R., Bastos-Rodrigues, L., Gonçalves, V. F., Teixeira, S. M. R., Chiari, E., Junqueira, Â. C. V., Fernandes, O., Macedo, A. M., et al. (2006) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020024 · Cited by 261
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Machado, C. A., & Ayala, F. J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-06-19
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 7396-7401
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2044388526
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 14.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nucleotide sequences provide evidence of genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.121187198
- The paper
- Machado, C. A., & Ayala, F. J. (2001). Nucleotide sequences provide evidence of genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121187198
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
