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Link between the double-Intertropical Convergence Zone problem and cloud biases over the Southern Ocean

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Hwang, Yen-Ting, Frierson, Dargan M. W.·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The double-Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) problem, in which excessive precipitation is produced in the Southern Hemisphere tropics, which resembles a Southern Hemisphere counterpart to the strong Northern Hemisphere ITCZ, is perhaps the most significant and most persistent bias of global climate models. In this study, we look to the extratropics for possible causes of the double-ITCZ problem by performing a global energetic analysis with historical simulations from a suite of global climate models and comparing with satellite observations of the Earth’s energy budget. Our results show that models with more energy flux into the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere (at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface) tend to have a stronger double-ITCZ bias, consistent with recent theoretical studies that suggest that the ITCZ is drawn toward heating even outside the tropics. In particular, we find that cloud biases over the Southern Ocean explain most of the model-to-model differences in the amount of excessive precipitation in Southern Hemisphere tropics, and are suggested to be responsible for this aspect of the double-ITCZ problem in most global climate models.

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Metadata

Authors
Hwang, Y.-T., & Frierson, D. M. W.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2013-03-14
Volume
110
Issue
13
Pages
4935-4940
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1989729837
Cited by
386
References
32
FWCI
22.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Link between the double-Intertropical Convergence Zone problem and cloud biases over the Southern Ocean. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1213302110
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Hwang, Y.-T., & Frierson, D. M. W. (2013). Link between the double-Intertropical Convergence Zone problem and cloud biases over the Southern Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213302110

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