Cited by 421Tactile and Sensory InteractionsMotor Control and AdaptationVisual perception and processing mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Spatial and temporal codes mediate the tactile perception of natural textures

Open access

Weber, Alison I., Saal, Hannes P., Lieber, Justin D., Cheng, Ju-Wen, Manfredi, Louise R., Dammann, John F., Bensmaia, Sliman J.·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1305509110PMC PMC3800989

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

When we run our fingers over the surface of an object, we acquire information about its microgeometry and material properties. Texture information is widely believed to be conveyed in spatial patterns of activation evoked across one of three populations of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents that innervate the fingertips. Here, we record the responses evoked in individual cutaneous afferents in Rhesus macaques as we scan a diverse set of natural textures across their fingertips using a custom-made rotating drum stimulator. We show that a spatial mechanism can only account for the processing of coarse textures. Information about most natural textures, however, is conveyed through precise temporal spiking patterns in afferent responses, driven by high-frequency skin vibrations elicited during scanning. Furthermore, these texture-specific spiking patterns predictably dilate or contract in time with changes in scanning speed; the systematic effect of speed on neuronal activity suggests that it can be reversed to achieve perceptual constancy across speeds. The proposed temporal coding mechanism involves converting the fine spatial structure of the surface into a temporal spiking pattern, shaped in part by the mechanical properties of the skin, and ascribes an additional function to vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptive afferents. This temporal mechanism complements the spatial one and greatly extends the range of tangible textures. We show that a combination of spatial and temporal mechanisms, mediated by all three populations of afferents, accounts for perceptual judgments of texture.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1305509110

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Tactile sensibility in the human hand: relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin
Johansson, R. S., & Vallbo, A. B. (1979) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012619 · Cited by 1,291
The sense of flutter-vibration: comparison of the human capacity with response patterns of mechanoreceptive afferents from the monkey hand.
Talbot, W. H., Darian-Smith, I., Kornhuber, H. H., & Mountcastle, V. B. (1968) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.2.301 · Cited by 993
First spikes in ensembles of human tactile afferents code complex spatial fingertip events
Johansson, R. S., & Birznieks, I. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1177 · Cited by 651
Metric-space analysis of spike trains: theory, algorithms and application
Victor, J. D., & Purpura, K. P. (1997) · Network Computation in Neural Systems · doi:10.1088/0954-898x_8_2_003 · Cited by 475
Evidence for the duplex theory of tactile texture perception
Hollins, M., & Risner, S. R. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206916 · Cited by 440
The Role of Fingerprints in the Coding of Tactile Information Probed with a Biomimetic Sensor
Scheibert, J., Leurent, S., Prevost, A. M., & Debrégeas, G. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1166467 · Cited by 421
Tactile Functions of Mechanoreceptive Afferents Innervating the Hand
Johnson, K., Yoshioka, T., & Vega‐Bermudez, F. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-200011000-00002 · Cited by 362
Tactile spatial resolution. II. Neural representation of Bars, edges, and gratings in monkey primary afferents
Phillips, J. R., & Johnson, K. (1981) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1192 · Cited by 333
Tactile roughness: neural codes that account for psychophysical magnitude estimates
Connor, C., Hsiao, S., Phillips, Jr., & Johnson, K. (1990) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-12-03823.1990 · Cited by 317
Individual differences in perceptual space for tactile textures: Evidence from multidimensional scaling
Hollins, M., Bensmaı̈a, S. J., Karlof, K., & Young, F. W. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212154 · Cited by 317

Show all 39 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 419

Humans flexibly use visual priors to optimize their haptic exploratory behavior
Jeschke, M., Zoeller, A. C., & Drewing, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65958-6 · Cited by 3
Restoring the sense of touch with electrical stimulation of the nerve and brain
Callier, T., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822828-9.00010-1 · Cited by 3
Spatial perception of textures depends on length-scale
Burns, D. A., Klatzky, R. L., Peshkin, M. A., & Colgate, J. E. (2021) · IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC) · doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517265 · Cited by 3
Compression of Dynamic Tactile Information in the Human Hand
Shao, Y. (2022) · Springer series on touch and haptic systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90839-3_4 · Cited by 3
Perception of the tactile texture of raised-dot patterns: further evidence of an opponent process in the sense of touch
Gescheider, G. A., & Wright, J. H. (2018) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.1080/08990220.2018.1460262 · Cited by 3
“characteristics of such stimulation of the skin (Mackevicius et al. 2012; Weber et al. 2013).”
Background
Accounting for Bias in the Estimation ofr2between Two Sets of Noisy Neural Responses
Pospisil, D. A., & Bair, W. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009212 · Cited by 23
Reliability and stability of tactile perception in the whisker somatosensory system
Sharma, H., & Azouz, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1344758 · Cited by 1
“This constancy persists despite aﬀerent ﬁber responses inﬂuenced by factors like scanning speed (Goodwin and Morley, 1987b; Phillips et al., 1992; DiCarlo and Johnson, 1999; Weber et al., 2013) and force (Goodwin and Morley, 1987a; Phillips et al., 1992; Saal et al., 2018).”
Background
Advanced Braille recognition based on protein biomimetic skin mechanical sensors
Zhang, N., Yang, A., Liu, A., Shao, G., Wang, X., Luo, Y., Liu, Z., Shi, Y., Li, N., Guo, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100869 · Cited by 2
Preload-Free Conformal Integration of Tactile Sensors on the Fingertip’s Curved Surface
Liu, L., Ran, P., Li, Y., Tang, T., Hu, Y., Xiao, J., Dg, L., Dai, L., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., et al. (2026) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics11010064 · Cited by 2
“…fragile objects like eggs with‑ out causing damage [5], and even more complex tasks, including Braille reading [6], shape recognition by touch, fine texture roughness perception [7,8], and pulse parameter [9] mon‑ itoring (e.g., velocity, depth, volume, and rhythm) for health diagnostics [10].”
Limitations in dosing of electrical nerve stimulation: assessment with compound potential measurements
So, A., Pejkovic, I., Devecıoğlu, İ., Aplin, F. P., Birznieks, I., & Vickery, R. M. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01172.2025 · Cited by 2
The Touch Landscape
Ackerley, R., Wasling, H. B., & McGlone, F. P. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6418-5_6 · Cited by 2
Assessment of surface rendering with 1 DoF vibration
Snyder, O., Almasi, R. C., Fang, C. M., Klatzky, R. L., & Stetten, G. (2021) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization · doi:10.1080/21681163.2020.1834875 · Cited by 2
“The firing of neural fibres from the PCs has been found to be phase-locked with the frequency of the stimulus, and there are strong correlations between the power spectra of skin vibrations and the responses of individual PC fibres when fine materials are stroked (Weber et al. 2013).”
Background
Biophysics of Mouthfeel Perception
van Aken, G. A. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839160622-00079 · Cited by 2
Somatosensory Neuromodulation with a Focus Towards Clinical Systems
Graczyk, E. L., & Tyler, D. J. (2022) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_92-1 · Cited by 2
The Dynamic Target Motion Perception Mechanism of Tactile-Assisted Vision in MR Environments
Wang, W., Xu, N., Liu, H., Qu, J., Dang, S., & Hong, X. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22228931 · Cited by 2
Synthetic Tactile Sensor for Macroscopic Roughness Estimation Based on Spatial-Coding Contact Processing
Yanwari, M. I., & Okamoto, S. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25082598 · Cited by 2
“…often center on the relationship between individual spatial frequency components of neural activities of SAI units or skin deformation and human roughness perception [32–34 , 36 This approach may represent the most fundamental method for estimating the intensity of perceived macroscopic roughness.”
Influential
Bio-Inspired spiking tactile sensing system for robust texture recognition across varying scanning speeds in passive touch
Yavari, F., Nasrabadi, A. M., Rahatabad, F. N., & Amiri, M. (2025) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-025-01012-6 · Cited by 2
Phase Transitions in in vivo or in vitro Populations of Spiking Neurons Belong to Different Universality Classes
Brinkman, B. A. W. (2025) · PRX Life · doi:10.1103/kjx5-1hwy · Cited by 5
Experience-driven remodeling of S1 digit representation in awake monkeys: the challenge of comparing active and passive touch
Dione, M., & Facchini, J. (2021) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00380.2020 · Cited by 2
Physiological noise optimizes multiplexed coding of vibrotactile-like signals in somatosensory cortexPreprint
Kamaleddin, M. A., Shifman, A. R., Сигал, Д. М., & Prescott, S. A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.11.459897 · Cited by 2
Affective Tactility: Cross-Modal Translation from Natural Language to Procedural Height MapsPreprint
Harada, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8696852/v1 · Cited by 6
A computational 2D model simulating the neural responses of a single tactile unit to vibrotactile stimuli
Ishizuka, H., Kitaguchi, S., Nakatani, M., YOSHIMURA, H., & Shimokawa, F. (2024) · Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering · doi:10.1299/jbse.24-00027 · Cited by 1
From Bach to Pélog
Giannos, K., Athanasopoulos, G., & Küssner, M. B. (2025) · Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1525/mp.2025.2324025 · Cited by 1
Utilization of skin color change for image-based tactile sensing
Kaneko, S., Ishizuka, H., Yoshimura, H., & Kajimoto, H. (2025) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2025.104357 · Cited by 1
Adding Internal Audio Sensing to Internal Vision Enables Human-Like In-Hand Fabric Recognition with Soft Robotic Fingertips
Andrussow, I., Solano, J., Richardson, B. A., Martius, G., & Kuchenbecker, K. J. (2025) · IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids) · doi:10.1109/humanoids65713.2025.11203050 · Cited by 1
“Inspired by human touch sensing, which requires both spatial patterns and motion-induced vibrations to perceive texture properties [1], we investigate combining robust moderate-spatial-resolution vision-based touch sensing with the high-frequency modality of audio as a promising approach to fully…”
Unveiling interactions of spatial-temporal information in tactile motion perception
Qu, B., Tan, X., Tang, Z., Wang, H., Lan, L., Schriver, K. E., Pan, G., Friedman, R. M., & Lai, H.-Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28038-x · Cited by 1
Shared early processing of distinct tactile features
Jeschke, M., Azañón, E., & Drewing, K. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114485 · Cited by 1
“3,21 These methods suggest associations between spatial coding and perception but fall short of proving that directly altering the spatial representation itself, i.e., specifically, the metric of inter-point distance on the skin, leads to changes in tactile perception.”
Affective Touch With Mid-Air Ultrasound: A Psychophysical Comparison With Real Materials
Oya, R., Onishi, R., Matsumura, S., Somei, Z., Suzuki, S., Shinoda, H., & Kitada, R. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Haptics · doi:10.1109/toh.2025.3647066 · Cited by 1
“Textureperceptionhasbeenlinkedtotheactivityofrapidly adaptingafferentﬁbers—MeissnerandPaciniancorpuscles— intheglabrousskinofnon-humanprimates[59].”
Cortical integration of tactile inputs distributed across timescales
Wan, W., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & Ghosh, A. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1146 · Cited by 1
Spinal Processing of Spatiotemporally Diverse Tactile Stimuli: Computational Insights into Allodynia and Spinal Cord Stimulation
Medlock, L., & Prescott, S. A. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1691-25.2026 · Cited by 1
ThermalTexture: Temperature-Integrated Surface Rendering Using Thermal Referral Induced by Texture Slip-Feedback
Kim, D., Lim, C., & Park, G. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Haptics · doi:10.1109/toh.2026.3676774 · Cited by 1
“Both methods effectively rendered the ﬁne textures’ roughness by stimulating the Pacinian corpuscle (PC) [9] or activating both PC and rapidly adapting (RA) ﬁbers [10].”
From Sensometabolomics to Rapid Analysis and Machine Learning: A Perspective on Modeling Wine Mouthfeel
Sáenz‐Navajas, M., Ferreira, C., & Jeffery, D. W. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6c00101 · Cited by 1
Connected Material Experiences using Bimanual Vibrotactile Crosstalk in Virtual Reality
Sabnis, N., Zenner, A., Løvaas, E. P., Weiss, M., Bianchi, A., & Strohmeier, P. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790767 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, vibration also helps us distinguish between material and textural properties due to the differences in their frequency spectrum [6, 65].”
Representational geometry of sounds in the auditory cortex explains biases in perceptual decision-making in mice
Seiler, J. P.-H., Cazzetta, G., Noda, T., & Rumpel, S. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117221 · Cited by 2
Flexible microscale tactile display with liquid-to-gas phase-change actuator array
Sim, S., Bae, K., Hwang, K., Koh, S., & Kim, J. (2026) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-026-01288-z · Cited by 1
“The human ﬁ ngertip has the highest density of tactile receptors among all skin areas, with over 200 receptors cm – 2 distributed across its surface 19 – 21 .”
Electrotactile frequency perception over multiple stimulation sites does not use a winner‐takes‐all mechanism
So, A., Kajimoto, H., Crawford, E. N., Vickery, R. M., & Birznieks, I. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp290940 · Cited by 1
Three-dimensional Measurement of Skin Displacement
Tanaka, S., Kaneko, S., & Kajimoto, H. (2020) · IEEE Haptics Symposium · doi:10.1109/haptics45997.2020.ras.hap20.158.b8032225 · Cited by 1
“As an example, many studies on neural recording [5][6][7] have been conducted to clarify the mapping function from the texture properties to the activities of mechanoreceptors.”
BackgroundMethod
A Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Vibration and Ultrasonic Vibration on Smartphones in Tactile Code Perception
Chu, S., & Tu, H. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3167526 · Cited by 2
“Vibration on/off patterns can be used to reproduce surface textures [1, 2] and convey various information in different usage contexts, such as improving typing performance on a virtual keyboard [3], counting the number of vibrations to access application functions fast and invisibly [4], and adopting vibration feedbac…”
Background
Neuromorphic Tactile Sensing and Encoding
Kumar, D., Silva, A. N., & Thakor, N. V. (2021) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_117-1 · Cited by 1
Artificial Sensory Feedback to the Brain: Somatosensory Feedback for Neural Devices and BCI
Bjånes, D. A., & Moritz, C. T. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_111 · Cited by 1
Somatosensory Neuromodulation with a Focus Towards Clinical Systems
Graczyk, E. L., & Tyler, D. J. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_92 · Cited by 1
Evidence for vibration coding of sliding tactile textures in auditory cortex
Roberts, R. D., Loomes, A. R., Kwok, H. F., Wing, A. M., & Allen, H. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1282566 · Cited by 1
Distinct functional roles of narrow and broadband high-gamma activities in human primary somatosensory cortex
Ryun, S., Lim, S., Jang, D. P., & Chung, C. K. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00159.2024 · Cited by 2
Active Touch Intervention Using a Rough Texture Enhances Corticospinal Excitability
Tanabe, K., Kojima, S., Saito, K., & Onishi, H. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70837 · Cited by 1
“Smooth-textured silk comprises fine fibers (Hollins and Risner 2000) and a texture (Weber et al. 2013) with small spatial texture irregularities (Hollins et al. 2002).”
Influential
Hilbert Curves
Frier, W., Seo, K., & Subramanian, S. (2016) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/2984751.2984774 · Cited by 1
“Therefore, the spatial information one extracts is not a single frequency component but rather the ratio of all the frequency components that compose the texture signal [11].”
Background
Investigation of Neuropsychological Mechanism of Fabric Smoothness Sensation
Liao, X., Li, Y., Hu, J., Li, Q., & Wu, X. (2019) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-019-8592-x · Cited by 1
Rendering Strategy to Counter Mutual Masking Effect in Multiple Tactile Feedback
Ryu, S., Pyo, D., Lim, S., & Kwon, D. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10144990 · Cited by 1
Humans use a local code for tactile perceptionPreprint
Bhattacharjee, A., Braun, C., & Schwarz, C. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.874206 · Cited by 1
“Further, characteristics of vibrotactile signals as well as skin deformation when tapping support the possibility that tactile signals are processed and perceived instantaneously (Johansson and Birznieks, 2004; Lawrence et al., 2000; Pruszynski and Johansson, 2014; Weber et al., 2013).”
Background
Active palpation underlying shape perception is shaped by physiological thresholds and experiencePreprint
Mizrachi, N., Nelinger, G., Ahissar, E., & Arieli, A. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.356584 · Cited by 1
Modelo neuromórfico para estimulação transcutânea e otimização dos níveis de percepção sensorial
da Costa, A. C. P. R. (2021) · doi:10.14393/ufu.di.2021.24 · Cited by 1
Texture coding in higher order somatosensory cortices of primatesPreprint
Long, K. H., Greenspon, C. M., van Driesche, A., Lieber, J. D., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504511 · Cited by 1
“These vibrations in turn produce millisecond-precision temporal spiking patterns in nerve fibers that carry information about texture, particularly about fine textural features (Weber et al., 2013).”
Background
Temporal Phase Differences Encode Tactile Motion from Static Vibrotactile InputsPreprint
Rezaei, E., & Adibi, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701470 · Cited by 1
“Perception of tactile motion is integral to object manipulation, surface exploration, texture perception, and spatial awareness (Johansson and Flanagan, 2009; Lezkan and Drewing, 2018; Boundy-Singer et al., 2017; Weber et al., 2013; Augurelle et al., 2003; Adibi, 2025).”
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptive Afferents: Neural Coding of Texture
Lieber, J. D. (2015) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_379
Steven Hsiao: In Memoriam
Bensmaı̈a, S. J., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.015
The vision of Hsiao on somatosensation
Flanders, M., & Soechting, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00670.2014
“More recently, Hsiao’s former coworker, Bensmaia, further extended this interpretation by showing that the finer features of texture stimuli are represented by spike timing in RA and PC afferents and has emphasized the central convergence of these different types of peripheral afferent inputs (Saal and Bensmaia 2014;…”
Background
Exploratory movements in unconstrained tactile search with virtual surfaces
Milner, T. E., Gassert, R., & Vincent Hayward, B. (2015) · International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation · doi:10.1109/icvr.2015.7358624
Exploring the Psychophysical Relationship Between Basic Fabric Construction Parameters and Typical Tactile Sensations
Jiang, R., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., & Ding, X. B. (2014) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44067-4_15
Foot, ankle and lower limb somatosensory dysfunction in stroke
Gorst, T. (2017) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/591
Slow Touch and Fast Nociception: Exploration of the Interactions Between Noxious and Innocuous Mechanical Touch Sensation
Marshall, A. G. (2019) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00010262
Development of a Robust Encoding Scheme for Delivering Artificial Sensory Information through an ICMS Electrical Interface
Bjånes, D. A. (2018) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)
Monkey see, monkey touch, monkey do: Influence of visual and tactile input on the fronto-parietal grasping network
Buchwald, D. (2020) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8037
Uma abordagem neuromórfica para o controle tátil do escorregamento em próteses de membros superiores
Nakagawa-Silva, A. (2020) · doi:10.14393/ufu.te.2020.704
Texture Rendering by Electrovibration
Vardar, Y. (2020) · Springer series on touch and haptic systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52252-0_5
What Should Robots FeeI Like? Factors that Influence the Perception of Robot-Skin
McGinn, C., & Dooley, D. (2020)
Measurement of Horizontal Local Skin Strain on Grooved Texture
Kaneko, S., & Kajimoto, H. (2021) · IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC) · doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517128
“In addition, neurological studies have reported the spatial neural coding by coarse textures [4], and our results support it in terms of the skin strain.”
Result
References
(2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-113-720211012
Temporal coherence of mechanical stimulation modulates tactile form perceptionPreprint
Nakatani, M., Kobayashi, Y., Ohno, K., Uesaka, M., Mogami, S., Zhao, Z., Sushida, T., Kitahata, H., & Nagayama, M. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-82889/v1
“Cm dv dt =−gKn (4)(v− vK)−gNam (3)h(v− vNa)−gL(v− vL)− Istim, (6) dm dt = αm(v)(1−m)−βm(v)m, (7) dn dt = αn(v)(1−n)−βn(v)n, (8) dh dt = αh(v)(1−h)−βh(v)h, (9)”
Temporal coherence of mechanical stimulation modulates tactile form perceptionPreprint
Nakatani, M., Kobayashi, Y., Ohno, K., Uesaka, M., Mogami, S., Zhao, Z., Sushida, T., Kitahata, H., & Nagayama, M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-82889/v2
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptive Afferents: Neural Coding of Texture
Lieber, J. D. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1006-0_379
Somatosensory Neurons: Spike-Timing
Saal, H. P. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1006-0_387
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptive Afferents: Neural Coding of Texture
Lieber, J. D. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_379-1
Mechanorezeptoren von Haut und Muskeln: Die Sensorik mechanischer Schwingungen
Ribot‐Ciscar, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13621-4_6
Use of dye sensitizers for increased photoacoustic mechanosensationPreprint
Rafeedi, T., Becerra, L. L., Root, N., Qi, B., Fu, L., Esparza, G. L., Qie, Y., Sasi, L., Rouw, R., Jokerst, J. V., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.567262
White noise insole: an artificial evoked sensation device that can be expected to improve plantar sensation of diabetic foot
Jiang, Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47263-w
“Electrical stimulation involved applying electrical current to the skin or nerve endings to stimulate the sensory nervous system 21 .”
Background
Texture perception at the foot sole: Comparison between walking, sitting, and to the handPreprint
Cleland, L. D., Rupani, M., Blaise, C. R., Ellmers, T. J., & Saal, H. P. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/47dnt
“This might affect the perception of roughness, which relies on a spatial code for coarser textures (Weber et al., 2013).”
Texture Recognition Using a Biologically Plausible Spiking Phase-Locked Loop Model for Spike Train Frequency DecompositionPreprint
Mastella, M., Tiemens, T., & Chicca, E. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4224027/v1
Perceptual constancy of texture: how touch of textures on the foot feels equivalent to the hand and over different movements
Ackerley, R. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00420.2024
Processing the fine-grained features of tactile textures involves the primary somatosensory cortex
Esposito, G., Nozaradan, S., Kuzminova, A., Collignon, O., & Mouraux, A. (2024) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00341
“The temporal pattern of activation of rapidly adapting types I and II fibers has been shown to reliably reflect individual texture identity, and has thus been suggested to mediate fine texture perception ( Weber et al., 2013).”
Background
Multisensorische Informationsverarbeitung
Drewing, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68476-4_4
Discovering the Causal Structure of Haptic Material Perception
C., J. L. M., Zetzsche, C., & Didelez, V. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70058-3_14
Spinal processing of spatiotemporally diverse tactile stimuli: Implications for allodynia and spinal cord stimulationPreprint
Medlock, L., & Prescott, S. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642392
“Texture thus represents a spatiotemporally rich stimulus which causes spatially and temporally patterned activation of primary afferents 5,6 .”
Robotic Palpation of Fractures Using Bioinspired Tactile Sensor and Neuromorphic Encoding Algorithm
Bello, S., Iskarous, M. M., Sankar, S., & Thakor, N. V. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics · doi:10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573408
“When scanning or palpating a particular surface with one’s ﬁnger, the neural representation of the surface in the somatosensory cortex remains the same regardless of scanning speed [19], [20].”
Cue integration of texture and elasticity induces roughness metamers in touchPreprint
Driller, K. K., Fradet, C., Vincent Hayward, B., & Hartcher-O’Brien, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657485
Boundaries of tactile acuity when exploring surfaces
Fradin, J., Dione, M., Mouraux, A., Ackerley, R., & Gueorguiev, D. (2025) · Surface Topography Metrology and Properties · doi:10.1088/2051-672x/adec07 · Cited by 1
Neural coding for tactile motion: Scanning speed or temporal frequency?
Cheng, Y.-P., Huang, J.-J., Yeh, C.-I., & Pei, Y. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp290938
Single human fingertip mechanoreceptive afferents simultaneously encode multidimensional aspects of touch
Lang, V. A., Wasling, H. B., Ackerley, R., & Wessberg, J. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp290540
Waveform-dependent mechanical signatures shape human vibrotactile perceptionPreprint
Bonnet, S., Watkins, R. H., Ericsson, R., Daumas, H., & Ackerley, R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687548
“[1], [2], [3] Understanding how these vibrations are encoded by the touch system and linked with perception is essential not only for fundamental neuroscience, but also for developing technology, such as sensory substitution devices, neurorehabilitation tools, and precise haptic feedback systems…”
Smartphone Haptics For Tactile Temporal Discrimination: Preliminary Insights into Measurement of Function
Torres, W. O., Abbott, M. E., & Stuart, H. S. (2025) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc58623.2025.11251730
“…is associated with kinesthesia (sensing position and movement), graphesthesia (recognizing symbols drawn on skin via touch), stereognosis (the ability to identify the shape and form of a 3-dimensional object), and vibratory sense, and can also play a role in differentiating textures [2], [3].”
Vibrotactile Augmentation of Tangible Objects for 2-Dimensional Multi-Texture Rendering
Montaser, S. E., Bailly, G., Haliyo, S. D., & Gueorguiev, D. (2025) · Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine (IHM) · doi:10.1145/3765712.3765717
Image-Based Tactile Sensing of Macroscopic Surface Roughness Enhanced by Multi-Force Integration
Yanwari, M. I., & Okamoto, S. (2025) · IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) · doi:10.1109/gcce65946.2025.11274867
“This approach resembles the temporal coding mechanism that humans use to perceive fine (microscopic) surface textures [2], [3].”
Somatosensory Neurons: Spike Timing
Saal, H. P. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_387-2
Reduced preference for smooth over rough surfaces in autism spectrum disorder
Makita, K., Kitada, R., Makino, T., Sakakihara, N., Fukuoka, A., Mizuno, Y., & Kosaka, H. (2026) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2026.202873
Speed constant material perception via touch relies on natural material statistics
Metzger, A., & Toscani, M. (2026) · Perception · doi:10.1177/03010066261429271
“Such temporal signals are highly texture-speci ﬁ c and the base of haptic material perception (Manfredi et al., 2014; Metzger & Toscani, 2022; Weber et al., 2013), mediated mostly by the responses of the RA (rapidly adapting) and PC (Pacinian) afferents (Weber et al., 2013).”
Impact du vieillissement sur la perception multisensorielle et les processus cérébraux sous-jacents : étude de la kinesthésie et de la perception de textures
Landelle, C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/409de8cbzad41z4eb0z8340z3d6508b13887
Perception of audio-haptic textures for new touchscreen interactions
Bernard, C. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d0963081zf56az4742z912fzc25754400706 · Cited by 2
Interoceptive chemosensory functions of neurons in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid
Marnas, H. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/090bfaa3zfeccz45fezbaadz4bb15ac06dd4
Plasticité des cartes du cortex somesthésique primaire et récupération fonctionnelle après une atteinte ischémique corticale ou une déafférentation vestibulaire unilatérale : approches électrophysiologique et comportementale chez le rat
Facchini, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/22520490z8dfdz4a60z9ff8zf3d942d8f032
Integrating haptic feedback in smart devices : multimodal interfaces and design guidelines
Brahimaj, D. (2024) · doi:10.70675/28c42e65z3984z4ec7z9971z362208cdab46
From Cue to Construct : Cues, Mechanisms, and Stability in Haptic Perception
Driller, K. K. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bda39103z88d0z4088z8a5fz632c3ab5f09b
La sensibilité tactile au travers des liquides et du vieillissement : approches multidisciplinaires
Samain-Aupic, L. (2023) · doi:10.70675/008b8615z7c3dz479azb516z1e4445ad23bd

Authors: Weber, A. I., Saal, H. P., Lieber, J. D., Cheng, J.-W., Manfredi, L. R., Dammann, J. F., & Bensmaia, S. J.
Affiliations: Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy and
University of Chicago (US)
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (TW)
ORCID: Weber, Alison I.
Saal, Hannes P.
Lieber, Justin D.
Manfredi, Louise R.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2013-09-30
Volume: 110
Issue: 42
Pages: 17107-17112
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305509110
PMC: PMC3800989
OpenAlex: W2147698153
Cited by: 421
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 10.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: tactile texture perception, cutaneous mechanoreceptors, temporal coding, spatial coding, skin vibration, scanning speed, perceptual constancy, natural textures, rhesus monkeys, skin biomechanics
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Female, Fingers, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Skin, Surface Properties, Vibration, Touch Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Spatial and temporal codes mediate the tactile perception of natural textures

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks