The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autosis is a Na + ,K + -ATPase–regulated form of cell death triggered by autophagy-inducing peptides, starvation, and hypoxia–ischemia
Open accessAbstract
Significance: We show that the selective overactivation of autophagy can cause cell death with unique morphological features distinct from apoptosis or necrosis. This unique type of autophagic cell death, termed “autosis,” occurs not only in vitro but also in vivo in cerebral hypoxia–ischemia. Moreover, autosis is inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by cardiac glycosides, which are Na + ,K + -ATPase antagonists used in clinical medicine. Our findings contribute to the basic understanding of cell-death mechanisms and suggest strategies for protecting cells against stresses such as hypoxia–ischemia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Corroborating the physiological relevance of this process, the administration of Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors such as cardiac glycosides, confers neuroprotection in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia [851].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [851]
In the citing paper
“Autosis is a specific variant of autophagy-dependent cell death that relies on the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase [851].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [851]
In the citing paper
“On the one hand, RCD constitutes a primary etiological determinant in diseases associated with the irreversible loss of post-mitotic tissues (e.g., myocardial infarction, neurodegeneration) [687, 752, 851, 869, 1035, 1036].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [851]
In the citing paper
“We found that GC reduced the autophagic gene expression including key genes associated with autophagy induction, such as Atg7 and Beclin 1[45], by 1-5 folds”
From Prevention of glucocorticoid induced bone changes with beta-ecdysone (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018 · Cited by 7,069
Self-citationGalluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Abrams, J. M., Alnemri, E. S., Baehrecke, E. H., Blagosklonny, M. V., Dawson, T. M., Dawson, V. L., El-Deiry, W. S., Fulda, S., et al. (2012) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.96 · Cited by 2,421
Self-citationDevelopmental cell death: morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms
Clarke, P. H. (1990) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00174615 · Cited by 1,695
Self-citationAutophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
Levine, B. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci26390 · Cited by 1,694
Self-citationMatsui, Y., Takagi, H., Qu, X., Abdellatif, M., Sakoda, H., Asano, T., Levine, B., & Sadoshima, J. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000261924.76669.36 · Cited by 1,505
Self-citationIdentification of a candidate therapeutic autophagy-inducing peptide
Shoji-Kawata, S., Sumpter, R., Leveno, M., Campbell, G. R., Zou, Z., Kinch, L., Wilkins, A. D., Sun, Q., Pallauf, K., MacDuff, D., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11866 · Cited by 760
Self-citationApoptosis, autophagy, and more
Lockshin, R. A., & Zakeri, Z. F. (2004) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.04.011 · Cited by 713
Novel therapeutic applications of cardiac glycosides
Prassas, I., & Diamandis, E. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2682 · Cited by 673
Cardiac Glycosides as Novel Cancer Therapeutic Agents
Newman, R. A., Yang, P., Pawlus, A. D., & Block, K. I. (2008) · Molecular Interventions · doi:10.1124/mi.8.1.8 · Cited by 517
Mechanisms of Autophagosome Biogenesis
Rubinsztein, D. C., Shpilka, T., & Elazar, Z. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.034 · Cited by 517
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 611
Hu, Y. H., Luo, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11091747 · Cited by 29
Regulated Cell Death Signaling Pathways and Marine Natural Products That Target Them
Guzmán, E. A. (2019) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md17020076 · Cited by 29
Autophagy: Basic Principles and Relevance to Transplant Immunity
Bizargity, P., & Schröppel, B. (2014) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.12743 · Cited by 27
“This new form of autophagy-triggered cell death was distinct from apoptosis or necrosis and was also observed during rat cerebral hypoxic–ischemic injury (18).”
BackgroundMarcucci, F., & Rumio, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00714 · Cited by 27
“…we suggest using in combination an mTOR inhibitor as EMT inhibitor and autophagy inducer, and compounds that promote autophagic cell death (autosis) (Liu et al., 2013; Law et al., 2014; Zhai et al., 2014; Shchors et al., 2015; Tomlinson et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015; Tai et al., 2017).”
MethodLi, M., Luo, T. L., Huang, Y. L., Su, J., Li, D., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Huang, L., Li, S., Jiao, C., et al. (2020) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6695 · Cited by 27
Hu, L., Guo, J., Zhou, L., Zhu, S. L., Wang, C., Liu, J., Hu, S., Yang, M., & Lin, C. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/8868564 · Cited by 26
The Interplay Between Autophagy and Senescence in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity
Russo, M., Bono, E., & Ghigo, A. (2021) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-021-00519-w · Cited by 28
Acinus integrates AKT1 and subapoptotic caspase activities to regulate basal autophagy
Nandi, N., Tyra, L. K., Stenesen, D., & Krämer, H. (2014) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201404028 · Cited by 31
“…arises from genetic activation of autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans (Kang et al., 2007) and from pharmacological studies in murine cells (Sarkar et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2013; Shoji-Kawata et al., 2013), with low levels of autophagy being protective for cells but high levels causing cell death.”
Ferroptosis, Metabolic Rewiring, and Endometrial Cancer
Žalytė, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010075 · Cited by 29
“New cell death types, such as methuosis [31], parapto-sis [32], autosis [33], alkaliptosis [34], oxeiptosis [35], cuproptosis [36], and erebosis [37], are also emerging.”
BackgroundWang, S., Xu, Z., Yin, H., Min, Y., & Li, S. (2018) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-018-1341-y · Cited by 26
Dong, Y. J., Yuanjia, H., Sarkar, S., Zong, W., Li, M., Feng, D., Song, J., Li, M., Medina, D. L., Tan, J., et al. (2019) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2019.1704119 · Cited by 25
Overcoming Resistance to Therapies Targeting the MAPK Pathway in BRAF-Mutated Tumours
Paton, E. L., Turner, J. A., & Schlaepfer, I. R. (2020) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2020/1079827 · Cited by 28
A Healthy Heart and a Healthy Brain: Looking at Mitophagy
Luo, H., Zhang, R., Krigman, J., McAdams, A., Ozgen, S., & Sun, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00294 · Cited by 25
“Although mitophagy has many potential benefits, under certain conditions, uncontrolled or overactive mitophagy may disrupt organelles’ integrity and may prove detrimental to cell health (Liu et al., 2013; Saito and Sadoshima, 2015).”
BackgroundZhu, E., Wu, H., Chen, W., Qin, Y., Liu, J., Fan, S., Ma, S., Wu, K., Mao, Q., Luo, C., et al. (2020) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1845040 · Cited by 26
Neuronal autosis is Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 3-dependent and involved in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death
Depierre, P., Ginet, V., Truttmann, A. C., & Puyal, J. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06750-2 · Cited by 27
“However, strong evidence for the existence of autophagic cell death in mammalian cells came from the recent discovery of autosis, a speci fi c type of autophagic cell death [12].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDynamic involvement of ATG5 in cellular stress responses
Lin, H., Lin, S.-M., Chung, Y., Vonderfecht, S. L., Camden, J. M., Flodby, P., Borok, Z., Limesand, K. H., Mizushima, N., & Ann, D. K. (2014) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.428 · Cited by 28
“(2) The sustained autophagy may exacerbate stress condition and induce autophagic cell death (or ‘autosis’) accompanied by ER dilation and nuclear convolution.(28) Alternatively, autophagosomes could serve as platforms for caspase activation,(29) degrading anti-apoptotic factors,(30) and crosstalking with cell killing…”
BackgroundYin, R., Wang, H., Li, C., Wang, L., Lai, S., Yang, X., Hong, D., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-022-00870-4 · Cited by 26
“High levels of cellular autophagy, as occurs with autophagy-inducing peptide treatment, starvation, or in vivo during certain types of ischemia, can trigger autosis [5, 6].”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, F., Wu, Z., Long, F., Tan, J., Gong, N., Li, X., & Lin, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.927682 · Cited by 29
“ATP13A2 has the same ion pump function as most members of this family (Liu et al., 2013; Chung et al., 2019).”
BackgroundYang, T., Li, C., Li, Y., Cai, G., Wang, G., He, L., & He, C. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109938 · Cited by 25
Functional Role of Nox4 in Autophagy
Forte, M., Palmerio, S., Yee, D., Frati, G., & Sciarretta, S. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_16 · Cited by 25
IP3 Receptor Properties and Function at Membrane Contact Sites
Roest, G., Rovere, R. M. L. L., Bultynck, G., & Parys, J. B. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_7 · Cited by 25
Allavena, G., Cuomo, F., Baumgartner, G., Bele, T., Sellgren, A. Y., Oo, K. S., Johnson, K., Gogvadze, V. G., Zhivotovsky, B., & Kaminskyy, V. O. (2017) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2017.1405192 · Cited by 25
Wang, Y., Zhao, Z., Wei, F., Luo, Z., & Duan, Y. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr00872h · Cited by 23
O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Autophagy in Cardiomyocytes
Yu, H., Li, W., & Mu, Y. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/5602396 · Cited by 23
“Although sometimes autophagy can induce cell death with unique morphological changes, in most cases, autophagy plays protective or adaptive roles and prevents cell death [12, 13].”
BackgroundEmamnejad, R., Pagnin, M., & Petratos, S. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105788 · Cited by 25
“Overactivation of autophagy can induce cell death by impacting Na + /K + -ATPase, resulting in membrane rupture and cellular swelling, a phenomenon recognized as autosis (Liu et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMAPK Signaling in the Interplay Between Oxidative Stress and Autophagy
Desideri, E., Castelli, S., & Ciriolo, M. R. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14060662 · Cited by 30
“Autosis is a programmed cell death, beyond apoptosis and necrosis, that is recognized by a large number of autolysosomes present in the cyto-plasm and the fact that no proteins, aside from those belonging to the autophagic core, are required to mediate this type of death [38].”
Bellomo, F., Leo, E. D., Taranta, A., Giaquinto, L., Giovamberardino, G. D., Montefusco, S., Rega, L. R., Pastore, A., Medina, D. L., di Bernardo, D., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312829 · Cited by 23
“Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today to manage heart failure, it reversibly inhibits the Na-K ATPase, which has been shown to play a critical role in cell adhesion [54], and it may block autosis [55].”
BackgroundCurrent Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases
Park, K., & Lee, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.811701 · Cited by 24
Autophagy collaborates with apoptosis pathways to control oligodendrocyte number
Zhang, T., Bhambri, A., Zhang, Y., Barbosa, D., Bae, H., Xue, J., Wazir, S., Mulinyawe, S. B., Kim, J. H., & Sun, L. O. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112943 · Cited by 23
Dasari, S. K., Schejter, E. D., Bialik, S., Shkedy, A., Levin‐Salomon, V., Levin‐Zaidman, S., & Kimchi, A. (2017) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2017.1380134 · Cited by 24
“nism involving changes in ion transport and/or cellular osmolarity.(43) This study was an encouraging step in the direction of”
BackgroundInfluentialDouble agents of cell death: novel emerging functions of apoptotic regulators
Lamb, H. M. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15308 · Cited by 23
Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and autophagy in cardiovascular pathophysiology
Yang, X., Song, X., Li, Z., Liu, N., Yan, Y., & Liu, B. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105628 · Cited by 25
Mukhopadhyay, S., Sinha, N., Das, D. N., Panda, P. K., Naik, P. P., & Bhutia, S. K. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.3109/10408363.2015.1135103 · Cited by 22
The critical roles of protein quality control systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure
Maejima, Y. (2019) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.09.019 · Cited by 23
The Multifaceted Effects of Autophagy on the Tumor Microenvironment
Kang, R., Zeh, H. J., Lotze, M. T., & Tang, D. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_7 · Cited by 22
Münz, C. (2020) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.005 · Cited by 23
Recent progress regarding the role of autophagy in cardiac disease
Maejima, Y., Titus, A. S., Zablocki, D., & Sadoshima, J. (2025) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaf203 · Cited by 22
Vegliante, R., & Ciriolo, M. R. (2018) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.006 · Cited by 22
Bicaudal D1 impairs autophagosome maturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mercado, N., Colley, T., Baker, J. R., Vuppusetty, C., Kono, Y., Clarke, C., Tooze, S. A., Johansen, T., & Barnes, P. J. (2019) · FASEB BioAdvances · doi:10.1096/fba.2018-00055 · Cited by 21
The tripartite interaction of phosphate, autophagy, and αKlotho in health maintenance
Shi, M., Maique, J., Shaffer, J., Davidson, T. L., Sebti, S., Fernández, Á. F., Zou, Z., Yan, S. X., Levine, B., Moe, O. W., et al. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201902127r · Cited by 20
Self-citationNelson, C., & Baehrecke, E. H. (2014) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13114 · Cited by 20
Rodríguez-Triviño, C. Y., Castro, I. T., & Dueñas, Z. (2019) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.025 · Cited by 20
LOXL3 Silencing Affected Cell Adhesion and Invasion in U87MG Glioma Cells
Laurentino, T. D. S., Soares, R. D. S., Lerário, A. M., Marie, S. K. N., & Oba‐Shinjo, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158072 · Cited by 20
“Moreover, dysfunctional protein recycling and degradation systems may lead to the accumulation of autophagosomes and late endosomes, thereby affecting cell viability and inducing autophagy-dependent cell death [47,48].”
BackgroundCurrent strategies to induce selective killing of HIV-1-infected cells
Campbell, G. R., & Spector, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4mr0422-636r · Cited by 19
The romantic history of signaling pathway discovery in cell death: an updated review
Wang, L., Liu, X., Li, Q.-Q., Zhu, Y., Ren, H.-L., Song, J., Zeng, J., Mei, J., Tian, H., Rong, D., et al. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-023-04873-2 · Cited by 22
Enogieru, A. B., Haylett, W. L., Hiss, D. C., & Ekpo, O. E. (2020) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-020-00641-z · Cited by 20
Bi-Directional Relationship Between Autophagy and Inflammasomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Panda, C., & Mahapatra, R. K. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-021-01184-2 · Cited by 20
Kötter, S., & Krüger, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.914296 · Cited by 22
“One explanation for the deleterious effect of hyperactivated autophagy could be the induction of autosis leading to death of cardiomyocytes and further contractile impairment of the affected ventricle (Liu et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLiang, T., Smith, C. E., Hu, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, C., Xu, Q., Lu, Y., Qi, L., Hu, J. C. ‐., & Simmer, J. P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33362-1 · Cited by 19
When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy
Tegeder, I., & Kögel, D. (2020) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005 · Cited by 20
He, Y., Lu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.851166 · Cited by 19
Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms
Dehghan, S., Kheshtchin, N., Hassannezhad, S., & Soleimani, M. (2023) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860 · Cited by 21
Singh, B., Cui, K., Eisa-Beygi, S., Zhu, B., Cowan, D. B., Shi, J., Wang, D., Liu, Z., Bischoff, J. E., & Chen, H. (2024) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2024.107368 · Cited by 21
Cell death mechanisms in human chronic liver diseases: a far cry from clinical applicability
Mazzolini, G. D., Sowa, J., & Canbay, A. E. (2016) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20160035 · Cited by 18
Early Subretinal Allograft Rejection is Characterized by Innate Immune Activity
Kennelly, K. P., Holmes, T. M., Wallace, D., O’Farrelly, C., & Keegan, D. (2017) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/096368917x694697 · Cited by 19
Sikder, K., Phillips, E., Zhong, Z., Wang, N., Saunders, J., Mothy, D., Kossenkov, A. V., Schneider, T. G., Nichtová, Z., Csordás, G., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh0798 · Cited by 19
Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with naturally derived sesquiterpene lactones in cancer therapy
Xu, C., Wen, S., Du, X., Zou, X., Leung, E. L., Zhou, G., Wu, Q., & Shen, B. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107553 · Cited by 17
Surveying the landscape of emerging and understudied cell death mechanisms
Leak, L. B., & Dixon, S. J. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119432 · Cited by 18
Li, J. H., Yi, X., Liu, L., Wang, X., & Ai, J. (2023) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-023-01851-3 · Cited by 17
Control of cardiac contraction by sodium: Promises, reckonings, and new beginnings
Hilgemann, D. W. (2019) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102129 · Cited by 17
Li, Z., Shu, Y., Chen, C.-G., Li, X., Li, M., Zhao, X., Wang, S., & Li, J. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.149 · Cited by 17
Ischemia as a factor affecting innate immune responses in kidney transplantation
Kasimsetty, S. G., & McKay, D. B. (2015) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000190 · Cited by 17
“Autosis has been shown to occur in the ischemic brain of rodents in vivo [59], but little is known about its role in renal ischemia.”
BackgroundZhang, X., Gao, S., Li, N., Chen, J., Ji, C., Li, X., Jiang, L., Lee, T. K., Keng, V. W., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-023-01600-0 · Cited by 16
Moderately Inducing Autophagy Reduces Tertiary Brain Injury after Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Kim, B. H., Jeziorek, M., Kanal, H. D., Contu, V. R., Dobrowolski, R., & Levison, S. W. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040898 · Cited by 16
“, 2017, and decided not to use a 441 higher dosage to prevent over-stimulation which may drive cell death via autosis [23].”
BackgroundShao, M., Shen, Y. L., Sun, H.-J., Meng, D., Huo, W., & Qi, X. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00634 · Cited by 16
Palrasu, M., Knapinska, A. M., Diez, J., Smith, L., Lavoi, T. M., Giulianotti, M. A., Houghten, R. A., Fields, G. B., & Minond, D. (2019) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.33594/000000164 · Cited by 16
Kern, C. C., Bonventre, J. V., Justin, A. W., KASHANI, K. B., Reynolds, E., Siew, K., Davis, B., Karakoy, H., Grzesiak, N., & Bailey, D. M. (2025) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-025-03431-y · Cited by 18
The two faces of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Anderson, A., & O’Sullivan, J. (2021) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105321 · Cited by 15
Wen, W., Ertaş, Y. N., Erdem, A., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216857 · Cited by 18
Altering mitochondrial properties
Pinton, P., & Kroemer, G. (2014) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1440 · Cited by 15
Hosseinzadeh, Z., Hauser, S., Singh, Y., Pelzl, L., Schuster, S., Sharma, Y., Höflinger, P., Zacharopoulou, N., Stournaras, C., Rathbun, D. L., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64845-0 · Cited by 14
The Function and Mechanisms of Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Luo, C., & Tao, L. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_46 · Cited by 15
Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
Valenzuela-Leon, P., & Dobrinski, I. (2017) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/eep/dvx010 · Cited by 15
Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Application to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatments
Li, S., Liu, Y., Li, J., Zhao, X. B., & Yu, D. (2021) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2021.0023 · Cited by 16
“The main mechanisms of autophagy include over 30 autophagy-related proteins (Park and Chung, 2019), for example, autophagosome initial protein Beclin-1 and structural protein of the autophagosome LC3B (Liu et al. , 2013).”
Self-citationSymphony of regulated cell death: Unveiling therapeutic horizons in sarcopenia
Peng, J., Zou, M., Zhang, Q., Liu, D., Chen, S., Fang, R., Gao, Y., Yan, X., & Hao, L. (2025) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156359 · Cited by 18
Zhang, T., Zhang, R., Zhao, G., Liu, W., Pan, L., Tong, Y., Jiang, M., Zhang, H., Xiao, Z. J., Pandol, S. J., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2021 · Cited by 16
Research progress on ferroptosis in gliomas (Review)
Bo, Y., Mu, L., Yang, Z., Li, W., & Jin, M. (2023) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2023.14169 · Cited by 14
“Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between iron metabolism dysregulation and certain illnesses, including cancer, neurological diseases and atherosclerosis (21,22).”
BackgroundOrganellophagy regulates cell death:A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases
Duan, Y., Yao, R.-Q., Ling, H., Zheng, L., Fan, Q. W., Li, Q., Wang, L., Zhou, Q.-Y., Wu, L.-M., Dai, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.012 · Cited by 16
“Third (type 3), autosis, an autophagy-dependent form of cell death stimulated by autophagy-inducing peptides, starvation, and hypoxia–ischemia, can be induced by aberrant activation of the Na + /K + -ATPase pump, which causes a lethal electrolyte disturbance secondary to severe ATP depletion [160].”
From defense to dysfunction: Autophagy's dual role in disease pathophysiology
Malik, J. A., Zafar, M. A., Singh, S., Nanda, S., Bashir, H., Das, D. K., Lamba, T., Khan, M. A., Kaur, G., & Agrewala, J. N. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176856 · Cited by 14
Luo, M., Luan, X., Yang, C., Chen, X., Yuan, S., Cao, Y., Zhang, J., Xie, J., Luo, Q., Chen, L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1397863 · Cited by 14
Inhibition of regulated cell death by cell-penetrating peptides
Krautwald, S., Dewitz, C., Fändrich, F., & Kunzendorf, U. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2200-7 · Cited by 14
“death which is inhibitable in vitro and in vivo by cardiac glycosides [50].”
BackgroundEmerging immune and cell death mechanisms in stroke: Saponins as therapeutic candidates
García-Pupo, L., San, E. V., Delgado, R., Berghe, T. V., & Berghe, W. V. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100152 · Cited by 15
“…leads to organelle dysfunction and finally to several cell death pathways, including apoptosis (Chen et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018), necrosis (Xu et al., 2016), autophagy (Liu et al., 2013; Song et al., 2017), necroptosis (Yang et al., 2017; Zhan et al., 2019) and ferroptosis (Tuo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBraasch, K., Kryworuchko, M., & Piret, J. M. (2021) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.27703 · Cited by 15
Zagkou, S., Marais, V., Zeghoudi, N., Guillou, É. L., Eskelinen, E., Panasyuk, G., Verrier, B., & Primard, C. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14071379 · Cited by 15
“On the other hand, overinduction of autophagy by the T-B has been linked to an Na+/K+-ATPase-dependent cell death, termed autosis [26].”
BackgroundDeisl, C., Fine, M., Moe, O. W., & Hilgemann, D. W. (2019) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-019-02293-0 · Cited by 14
Zhang, S., Ding, F., Liu, Q., Tian, Y., Wang, W., & Qin, C. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146337 · Cited by 14
MicroRNA-216a is essential for cardiac angiogenesis
Juni, R. P., Kocken, J. M. M., de Abreu, R. C., Ottaviani, L., Davalan, T., Duygu, B., Poels, E. M., Vasilevich, A. S., Hegenbarth, J. C., Appari, M., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.007 · Cited by 13
“57 Dysregulation of such processes on ECs could explain the severe phenotypes observed in the miR-216a KO mice, where excessive autophagy directly impairs endothelial function and angiogenic capacity.”
Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses
Münz, C., Campbell, G. R., Esclatine, A., Faure, M., Labonté, P., Lussignol, M., Orvedahl, A., Altan‐Bonnet, N., Bartenschlager, R. F. W., Beale, R. C. L., et al. (2025) · Autophagy Reports · doi:10.1080/27694127.2025.2464986 · Cited by 14
“Autosis, initially described by the laboratory of Beth Levine, is a unique form of non-apoptotic, non-necrotic cell death specifically relying on ATP1A1 (ATPase Na + /K + transporting subunit alpha 1) and autophagy [56].”
InfluentialAutosis as a selective type of cell death
Bai, L., Wu, Q., Zhang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1164681 · Cited by 17
“…Zhang et al., 2019; Camuzard et al., 2020; Fernandez et al., 2020; Deng et al., 2022; Yin et al., 2022), neriifolin (in vivo during cerebral H/I) (Liu et al., 2013; Fernandez et al., 2020), ouabain (in vivo during renal and cardiac I/R) (Fernandez et al., 2020; Nah et al., 2020), digitoxigenin…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAutophagy and its role in pulmonary hypertension
Chen, Y. (2018) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-018-1063-1 · Cited by 13
Zhu, H., Xia, M.-M., Tong, K.-H., & Duan, W. (2022) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-022-07653-y · Cited by 12
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is induced in Huntington’s disease and involved in autophagy
Cho, K., Kim, S., & Choi, S. H. (2021) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.089 · Cited by 12
Majdoul, S., Cosette, J., Seye, A. K., Bernard, É., Frin, S., Holic, N., Chazal, N., Briant, L., Espert, L., Galy, A. H. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.800813 · Cited by 12
Sato, K., Nishii, T., Sato, A., & Tatsunami, R. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03315 · Cited by 12
Recovery Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Revealed by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging in Live Cells
Chen, J., Han, G., Liu, Z., Wang, H., Wang, D., Zhao, J., Liu, B., Zhang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00216 · Cited by 11
Regulatory effect of insulin on the structure, function and metabolism of Na+/K+‑ATPase (Review)
Wen, X.-P., & Wan, Q.-Q. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10678 · Cited by 11
“Furthermore, it is known that Na+/K+‐ATPase may be degraded by UPP and autophagy‐lysosomal pathway (26,27,33,34).”
BackgroundRoles of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease
Yun, H. R., Singh, M. K., Han, S., Ranbhise, J. S., Ha, J., Kim, S. S., & Kang, I. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14101263 · Cited by 13
“K + -ATPase-dependent cell death under severe stress [266,327,328].”
Mitophagy: At the heart of mitochondrial quality control in cardiac aging and frailty
Picca, A., Calvani, R., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., & Marzetti, E. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111508 · Cited by 11
Ye, K., Han, X., Tian, M., Liu, L., Gao, X., Xia, Q. H., & Wang, D. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06324-6 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Shoji-Kawata, S., Sumpter, R. M., Wei, Y., Ginet, V., Zhang, L., Posner, B., Tran, K. A., Green, D. R., Xavier, R. J., Shaw, S. Y., Clarke, P. G. H., Puyal, J., & Levine, B.
- Affiliations
- Center for Autophagy Research,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Biochemistry, and
- Center for Systems Biology (US)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-11-25
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 51
- Pages
- 20364-20371
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3870705
- OpenAlex
- W2145084709
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38
- FWCI
- 31.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (310030)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- McKnight Foundation
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (130769, 310030)
- Université de Lausanne
- National Institutes of Health (HHSN268201000044C, 5p01ca095471-10, 1P01CA95471-09)
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 A140646)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201000044C)
- National Cancer Institute (P01 CA95471, P01-CA095471, R01CA169291, CA109618, HHSN268201000044C, (CA142543), R01CA109618, P30CA142543)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI040646, U54AI057156)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Keywords
- autophagic cell death, Na+/K+-ATPase, Beclin-1, starvation, hypoxia-ischemia, hippocampal neurons, cardiac glycosides, Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit, autophagosomes, cell death regulation
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Animals, Autophagy, Cardiac Glycosides, Brain Ischemia, HeLa Cells, Humans, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Rats, Cell-Penetrating Peptides
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
