The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transcellular degradation of axonal mitochondria
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Mitochondria are organelles that perform many essential functions, including providing the energy to cells. Cells remove damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. Mitophagy is considered a subset of a process called autophagy, by which damaged organelles are enwrapped and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Implicit in the categorization of mitophagy as a subset of autophagy, which means “self-eating,” is the assumption that a cell degrades its own mitochondria. However, we show here that in a location called the optic nerve head, large numbers of mitochondria are shed from neurons to be degraded by the lysosomes of adjoining glial cells. This finding calls into question the assumption that a cell necessarily degrades its own organelles.
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In the citing paper
“Cells with mitochondrial defects might release the damaged mitochondria to be picked up by other cells, thereby facilitating their degradation by recipient cells279.”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [279]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Interestingly, degradation of neuronal mitochondria can occur in a non-cell autonomous fashion, as demonstrated by the astrocytic engulfment and degradation of mitochondria excreted from retinal ganglion cells [60].”
From Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases
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Computer Visualization of Three-Dimensional Image Data Using IMOD
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Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury
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Mitochondrial Fission, Fusion, and Stress
Youle, R. J., & van der Bliek, A. M. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1219855 · Cited by 3,674
The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria
Ashrafi, G., & Schwarz, T. L. (2013) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.81 · Cited by 1,900
Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways
Chung, W.-S., Clarke, L. E., Wang, G. X., Stafford, B. K., Sher, A., Chakraborty, C., Joung, J., Foo, L. C., Thompson, A., Chen, C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12776 · Cited by 1,377 · cited 1×
“Recently, astrocytes have been shown to phagocytose whole synapses elsewhere in the visual pathway (11).”
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA that escapes from autophagy causes inflammation and heart failure
Oka, T., Hikoso, S., Yamaguchi, O., Taneike, M., Takeda, T., Tamai, T., Oyabu, J., Murakawa, T., Nakayama, H., Nishida, K., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10992 · Cited by 1,201
Transcriptional integration of mitochondrial biogenesis
Scarpulla, R. C., Vega, R. B., & Kelly, D. P. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.006 · Cited by 798
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).
Klionsky, D. J., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M. J., Abeliovich, H., Acevedo Arozena, A., Adachi, H., Adams, C. M., Adams, P. D., Adeli, K., et al. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356 · Cited by 5,894
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
Klionsky, D. J., Abdel-Aziz, A. K., Abdelfatah, S., Abdellatif, M., Abdoli, A., Abel, S., Abeliovich, H., Abildgaard, M. H., Abudu, Y. P., Acevedo-Arozena, A., et al. (2021) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 · Cited by 2,897
Self-citationMechanisms of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathology
Palikaras, K., Lionaki, E., & Tavernarakis, N. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0176-2 · Cited by 1,556
Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke
Hayakawa, K., Esposito, E., Wang, X., Terasaki, Y., Liu, Y., Xing, C., Ji, X., & Lo, E. H. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18928 · Cited by 1,423
Astrocytes Control Synapse Formation, Function, and Elimination
Chung, W.-S., Allen, N. J., & Eroglu, C. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020370 · Cited by 839
Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, C.-H. O., Kim, K.-Y., Bushong, E. A., Mills, E. A., Boassa, D., Shih, T., Kinebuchi, M., Phan, S., Zhou, Y., Bihlmeyer, N. A., Nguyen, J. V., Jin, Y., Ellisman, M. H., & Marsh-Armstrong, N.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-06-16
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 9633-9638
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4084443
- OpenAlex
- W2025060864
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 29.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DGE-1,232,825, 1232825)
- Glaucoma Research Foundation
- Barr Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey022680-02)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016602, DA016602)
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY022680, R01EY019960)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM082949, P41GM103412, T32GM007814, 5-T32-GM07814, 5R01GM82949)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS050274)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR004050, DA016602)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- mitochondrial degradation, retinal ganglion cell axons, optic nerve head, astrocytes, axonal mitochondria, lysosomes, neuronal mitochondria
- MeSH terms
- Red Fluorescent Protein, Animals, Astrocytes, Axons, Exocytosis, Immunohistochemistry, Luminescent Proteins, Lysosomes, Optic Disk, Phagocytosis, Retinal Ganglion Cells, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Mice, Electron Microscope Tomography, Mitophagy
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