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A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar
Open accessAbstract
Significance: The production of purposely made painted or engraved designs on cave walls is recognized as a major cognitive step in human evolution, considered exclusive to modern humans. Here we present the first known example of an abstract pattern engraved by Neanderthals, from Gorham’s Cave in Gibraltar. It consists of a deeply impressed cross-hatching carved into the bedrock of the cave older than 39 cal kyr. The engraving was made before the accumulation of Mousterian layer IV. Most of the lines composing the design were made by repeatedly and carefully passing a pointed lithic tool into the grooves, excluding the possibility of an unintentional or utilitarian origin. This discovery demonstrates the Neanderthals’ capacity for abstract thought and expression.
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Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art
Conard, N. J. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02186 · Cited by 270
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Valladas, H., & Clottes, J. (2003) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061433 · Cited by 42
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d’Errico, F., Banks, W. E., Warren, D. L., Sgubin, G., van Niekerk, K., Henshilwood, C., Daniau, A.-L., & Sánchez Goñi, M. F. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1620752114 · Cited by 98
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Sterling, K. (2015) · Archaeologies · doi:10.1007/s11759-015-9265-z · Cited by 40
Froese, T. (2019) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-017-9537-8 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodríguez-Vidal, J., d’Errico, F., Pacheco, F. G., Blasco, R., Rosell, J., Jennings, R. P., Queffelec, A., Finlayson, G., Fa, D. A., Gutiérrez López, J. M., Carrión, J. S., Negro, J. J., Finlayson, S., Cáceres, L. M., Bernal, M. A., Fernández Jiménez, S., & Finlayson, C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-09-02
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 13301-13306
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2111876746
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 195.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- The paper
- Rodríguez-Vidal, J., d’Errico, F., Pacheco, F. G., Blasco, R., Rosell, J., Jennings, R. P., Queffelec, A., Finlayson, G., Fa, D. A., Gutiérrez López, J. M., Carrión, J. S., Negro, J. J., Finlayson, S., Cáceres, L. M., Bernal, M. A., Fernández Jiménez, S., & Finlayson, C. (2014). A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411529111
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