Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art
Abstract
Archaeologists have always viewed the origin of figurative art as a crucial threshold in human evolution. Here I report the discovery of three figurines carved from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany, which provides new evidence for the appearance of figurative art more than 30,000 years ago. The finds include the oldest known representation of a bird, a therianthropic sculpture and an animal that most closely resembles a horse. The Aurignacian sculptures of the Swabian Jura belong to one of the oldest traditions of figurative art known worldwide and point to the Upper Danube as an important centre of cultural innovation during the early Upper Palaeolithic period.
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Stylistic similarities between the two lion men may point to a continuing cultural tradition.
“In spite of the chronological gap, these stylistic similarities are remarkable and may point to a continuing cultural tradition (Conard, 2003).”
From The Challenge of Evolution to Religion (2019) · cites this paper as Conard, 2003
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- Authors
- Conard, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Conard, Nicholas J.
- ORCID
- Conard, Nicholas J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 426
- Issue
- 6968
- Pages
- 830-832
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2091859378
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 56.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Keywords
- Swabian Jura, Aurignacian, horse depiction, Upper Palaeolithic, Upper Danube, cultural innovation, human evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Archaeology, Birds, Cultural Evolution, Biological Evolution, Germany, Horses, Humans, Sculpture, Hominidae, History, Ancient
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