Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda
Open accessAbstract
Panarthropods are typified by disparate grades of neurological organization reflecting a complex evolutionary history. The fossil record offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct early character evolution of the nervous system via exceptional preservation in extinct representatives. Here we describe the neurological architecture of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in the upper-stem group euarthropod Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte (South China). The VNC of C. kunmingensis comprises a homonymous series of condensed ganglia that extend throughout the body, each associated with a pair of biramous limbs. Submillimetric preservation reveals numerous segmental and intersegmental nerve roots emerging from both sides of the VNC, which correspond topologically to the peripheral nerves of extant Priapulida and Onychophora. The fuxianhuiid VNC indicates that ancestral neurological features of Ecdysozoa persisted into derived members of stem-group Euarthropoda but were later lost in crown-group representatives. These findings illuminate the VNC ground pattern in Panarthropoda and suggest the independent secondary loss of cycloneuralian-like neurological characters in Tardigrada and Euarthropoda.
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The organic line system in the Daihua tentacle is inferred to be components of a nervous system, innervating the cushion plate at the tentacle base.
“We infer this system to be components of a nervous system based on its morphology and preservation mode, innervating the cushion plate at the tentacle base.”
From Cambrian Sessile, Suspension Feeding Stem-Group Ctenophores and Evolution of the Comb Jelly Body Plan (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
The paper describes preserved nerve roots in the ventral nerve cord of Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis (Significance; page not available). Searches for Daihua tentacles, an organic line system, and a cushion plate found no passage addressing the claimed innervation. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Parry, L. A., Smithwick, F., Nordén, K. K., Saitta, E. T., Lozano‐Fernandez, J., Tanner, A. R., Caron, J., Edgecombe, G. D., Briggs, D. E. G., & Vinther, J. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201700167 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Yang, J., Ortega-Hernández, J., Butterfield, N. J., Liu, Y., Boyan, G. S., Hou, J.-B., Lan, T., & Zhang, X.-G.
- Affiliations
- Yunnan University (CN)
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom;
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Guizhou University (CN)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2988-2993
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4801254
- OpenAlex
- W2291589681
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 12.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Department of Earth Sciences EPrints Repository (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41472022, U1402232)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- ventral nerve cord, nervous system evolution, Panarthropoda, Lower Cambrian, Ecdysozoa, Priapulida, Onychophora, tardigrades, Euarthropoda, nerve roots, segmental ganglia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, China, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Nervous System, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Ganglia, Invertebrate, Tardigrada
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