The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shape-shifting structured lattices via multimaterial 4D printing
Open accessAbstract
Shape-morphing structured materials have the ability to transform a range of applications. However, their design and fabrication remain challenging due to the difficulty of controlling the underlying metric tensor in space and time. Here, we exploit a combination of multiple materials, geometry, and 4-dimensional (4D) printing to create structured heterogeneous lattices that overcome this problem. Our printable inks are composed of elastomeric matrices with tunable cross-link density and anisotropic filler that enable precise control of their elastic modulus ( E ) and coefficient of thermal expansion ( α ) . The inks are printed in the form of lattices with curved bilayer ribs whose geometry is individually programmed to achieve local control over the metric tensor. For independent control of extrinsic curvature, we created multiplexed bilayer ribs composed of 4 materials, which enables us to encode a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) shape changes in response to temperature. As exemplars, we designed and printed planar lattices that morph into frequency-shifting antennae and a human face, demonstrating functionality and geometric complexity, respectively. Our inverse geometric design and multimaterial 4D printing method can be readily extended to other stimuli-responsive materials and different 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell designs to create scalable, reversible, shape-shifting structures with unprecedented complexity.
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Analysis of Bi-Metal Thermostats
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Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming soft materials
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An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots
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Self-citation3D‐Printing of Lightweight Cellular Composites
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Self-citationAdvances in 4D Printing: Materials and Applications
Kuang, X., Roach, D. J., Wu, J., Hamel, C. M., Ding, Z., Wang, T., Dunn, M. L., & Qi, H. J. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201805290 · Cited by 1,095
Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance
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3D printing of liquid crystal elastomeric actuators with spatially programed nematic order
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Cited by
Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots
Kim, Y., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00481 · Cited by 873
Nazir, A., Gokcekaya, O., Md Masum Billah, K., Ertugrul, O., Jiang, J., Sun, J., & Hussain, S. (2023) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111661 · Cited by 773
Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications
Arefin, A. M. E., Khatri, N. R., Kulkarni, N., & Egan, P. F. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13091499 · Cited by 361
Printable Smart Materials and Devices: Strategies and Applications
Su, M., & Song, Y. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00303 · Cited by 312
3D‐Printed Anisotropic Polymer Materials for Functional Applications
Chen, J., Liu, X., Tian, Y., Zhu, W., Yan, C., Shi, Y., Kong, L. B., Qi, H. J., & Zhou, K. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202102877 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Boley, J. W., van Rees, W. M., Lissandrello, C., Horenstein, M. N., Truby, R. L., Kotikian, A., Lewis, J. A., & Mahadevan, L.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2019-10-02
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 20856-20862
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2978155273
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 25.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Boley, J. W., van Rees, W. M., Lissandrello, C., Horenstein, M. N., Truby, R. L., Kotikian, A., Lewis, J. A., & Mahadevan, L. (2019). Shape-shifting structured lattices via multimaterial 4D printing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908806116
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