Cited by 226Electoral Systems and Political ParticipationPolitical Theory and DemocracyPopulism, Right-Wing Movements

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Elite rhetoric can undermine democratic norms

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Clayton, Katherine, Davis, Nicholas T., Nyhan, Brendan, Porter, Ethan, Ryan, Timothy J., Wood, Thomas J.·2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.2024125118PMC PMC8201918

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Abstract

Democratic stability depends on citizens on the losing side accepting election outcomes. Can rhetoric by political leaders undermine this norm? Using a panel survey experiment, we evaluate the effects of exposure to multiple statements from former president Donald Trump attacking the legitimacy of the 2020 US presidential election. Although exposure to these statements does not measurably affect general support for political violence or belief in democracy, it erodes trust and confidence in elections and increases belief that the election is rigged among people who approve of Trump's job performance. These results suggest that rhetoric from political elites can undermine respect for critical democratic norms among their supporters.

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Authors: Clayton, K., Davis, N. T., Nyhan, B., Porter, E., Ryan, T. J., & Wood, T. J.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
University of Alabama (US)
Dartmouth College (US)
George Washington University (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: Clayton, Katherine
ORCID: Clayton, Katherine
Davis, Nicholas T.
Nyhan, Brendan
Porter, Ethan
Ryan, Timothy J.
Wood, Thomas J.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2021-06-02
Volume: 118
Issue: 23
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024125118
PMC: PMC8201918
OpenAlex: W3164851731
Cited by: 226
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 114.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtml (vor, 183 d)
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Keywords: elite rhetoric, democratic norms, 2020 US presidential election, Donald Trump, electoral legitimacy, public trust in elections
MeSH terms: Humans, Language, Leadership, Politics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sociology, United States, Violence

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Elite rhetoric can undermine democratic norms

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