Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 284

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest

Open access
Baltzer, Jennifer L., Day, Nicola J., Walker, Xanthe J., Greene, David, Mack, Michelle C., Alexander, Heather D., Arseneault, Dominique, Barnes, Jennifer, Bergeron, Yves, Boucher, Yan, Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura, Brown, Carissa D., Carrière, Suzanne, Howard, Brian K., Gauthier, Sylvie, Parisien, Marc-André, Reid, Kirsten A., Rogers, Brendan M., Roland, Carl, Sirois, Luc, Stehn, Sarah, Thompson, Dan K., Turetsky, Merritt R., Veraverbeke, Sander, Whitman, Ellen, Yang, Jian, Johnstone, Jill F.·2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Black spruce is the dominant tree species in boreal North America and has shaped forest flammability, carbon storage, and other landscape processes over the last several thousand years. However, climate warming and increases in wildfire activity may be undermining its ability to maintain dominance, shifting forests toward alternative forested and nonforested states. Using data from across North America, we evaluate whether loss of black spruce resilience is already widespread. Resilience was the most common outcome, but drier climatic conditions and more severe fires consistently undermine resilience, often resulting in complete regeneration failure. Although black spruce forests are currently moderately resilient, ongoing warming and drying may alter this trajectory, with large potential consequences for the functioning of this globally important biome.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.2024872118

Cites

68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 68 references

Cited by

See all 284

Metadata

Authors
Baltzer, J. L., Day, N. J., Walker, X. J., Greene, D., Mack, M. C., Alexander, H. D., Arseneault, D., Barnes, J., Bergeron, Y., Boucher, Y., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., Brown, C. D., Carrière, S., Howard, B. K., Gauthier, S., Parisien, M.-A., Reid, K. A., Rogers, B. M., Roland, C., Sirois, L., Stehn, S., Thompson, D. K., Turetsky, M. R., Veraverbeke, S., Whitman, E., Yang, J., & Johnstone, J. F.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2021-10-25
Volume
118
Issue
45
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W3210579774
Cited by
284
References
68
FWCI
18.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.2024872118
The paper
Baltzer, J. L., Day, N. J., Walker, X. J., Greene, D., Mack, M. C., Alexander, H. D., Arseneault, D., Barnes, J., Bergeron, Y., Boucher, Y., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., Brown, C. D., Carrière, S., Howard, B. K., Gauthier, S., Parisien, M.-A., Reid, K. A., Rogers, B. M., Roland, C., . . . Johnstone, J. F. (2021). Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024872118

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.