Biogeographic Kinetics: Estimation of Relaxation Times for Avifaunas of Southwest Pacific Islands
Open accessAbstract
When species diversity S on an island is displaced from the equilibrium value by injection or removal of species, S relaxes to equilibrium by an imbalance between immigration and extinction rates. Estimates of exponential relaxation times, t r , for avifaunas of New Guinea satellite islands are calculated from analysis of four “experiments of nature”: recolonization of exploded volcanoes, contraction in island area due to rising sea level, severing of land bridges, and disappearance of landbridge relict species. t r is in the range 3,000-18,000 years for avifaunas of islands of 50-3000 square miles (130-7800 km 2 ), and increases with island area. Immigration coefficients decrease and extinction coefficients increase with increasing S . The results may be relevant to the design of rainforest preserves.
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- Authors
- Diamond, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Diamond, Jared M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1972-11
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3199-3203
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC389735
- OpenAlex
- W2016841485
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 17.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Geographic Society
- Princeton University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Keywords
- relaxation time, avifauna, island biogeography, sea level rise, relict species, island size
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