Cited by 2,296Plant Virus Research StudiesPlant and Fungal Interactions ResearchPlant Molecular Biology Research

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Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures

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Sanger, H L, Klotz, G, Riesner, D, Gross, H J, Kleinschmidt, A K·1976·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3852PMC PMC431239

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Abstract

Viroids are uncoated infectious RNA molecules pathogenic to certain higher plants. Four different highly purified viroids were studied. By ultracentrifugation, thermal denaturation, electron microscopy, and end group analysis the following features were established: (i) the molecular weight of cucumber pale fruit viroid from tomato is 110,000, of citrus exocortis viroid from Gynura 119,000, of citrus exocortis viroid from tomato 119,000 and of potato spindle tuber viroid from tomato 127,000. (ii) Viroids are single-stranded molecules. (iii) Virods exhibit high thermal stability, cooperativity, and self-complementarity resulting in a rod-like native structure. (iv) Viroids are covalently closed circular RNA molecules.

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Authors: Sanger, H. L., Klotz, G., Riesner, D., Gross, H. J., & Kleinschmidt, A. K.
Affiliations: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
Universität Ulm (DE)
Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (DE)
ORCID: Gross, H J
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1976-11
Volume: 73
Issue: 11
Pages: 3852-3856
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3852
PMC: PMC431239
OpenAlex: W2031593782
Cited by: 2,296
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 180 · 2024: 238 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 316 · 2021: 323 · 2020: 298 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 125 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 22.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Virus Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords: viroids, circular RNA, single-stranded RNA, rod structures, base pairing, thermal stability, citrus exocortis viroid, potato spindle tuber viroid, molecular weight
MeSH terms: Centrifugation, Hydrogen Bonding, Microscopy, Electron, Molecular Weight, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Plant Diseases, Plant Viruses, Plants, Ribonucleotides, RNA

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Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures

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