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Concentration of mutagens from urine by absorption with the nonpolar resin XAD-2: cigarette smokers have mutagenic urine.
Open accessAbstract
A method is described for concentrating mutagens/carcinogens from human urine about 200-fold for subsequent assay in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. The method is also applicable for other aqueous liquids and for other in vitro tests for mutagens/carcinogens. The urine (up to 500 ml) is put through a column with a 1.5-cm3 bed volume of XAD-2 (styrene-divinylbenzene polymer) and the adsorbed material is then eluted with a few milliliters of acetone. The acetone is taken to dryness and the residue is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. This is the urine concentrate that is assayed for mutagenicity. Various mutagens/carcinogens have been added to human urine and the recoveries have been measured after adsorption on XAD-2, XAD-4, and Tenax GC (diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide polymer). We propose that this method be used in monitoring the urine of human populations and of experimental animals in toxicological studies. It is shown with this procedure that cigarette smokers have mutagenic urine while nonsmokers do not.
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Citations
Cited by
Identifying Environmental Chemicals Causing Mutations and Cancer
Ames, B. N. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.373122 · Cited by 586
Self-citationFecalase: a model for activation of dietary glycosides to mutagens by intestinal flora
Tamura, G., Gold, C., Ferro-Luzzi, A., & Ames, B. N. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4961 · Cited by 182
Self-citationEpidemiology, multistage models, and short-term mutagenicity tests
Peto, R. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv199 · Cited by 68
Mutagenic activity of swimming-pool water
Honer, W. G., Ashwood-Smith, M. J., & Warby, C. (1980) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0165-1218(80)90092-0 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Yamasaki, E., & Ames, B. N.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1977-08
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3555-3559
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2011345676
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Concentration of mutagens from urine by absorption with the nonpolar resin XAD-2: cigarette smokers have mutagenic urine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.74.8.3555
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- Yamasaki, E., & Ames, B. N. (1977). Concentration of mutagens from urine by absorption with the nonpolar resin XAD-2: cigarette smokers have mutagenic urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.8.3555
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
