The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Co-release of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid by a retinal neuron
Open accessAbstract
Rabbit retinas were vitally stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a fluorescent compound that selectively accumulates within the cholinergic amacrine cells. The retinas were then incubated in vitro in the presence of radioactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and autoradiographed. The cells that accumulated DAPI were found to accumulate GABA, confirming immunohistochemical evidence that the cholinergic amacrine cells contain GABA. Incubation of retinas in the presence of elevated concentrations of K+ caused them to release acetylcholine and GABA, and autoradiography showed depletion of radioactive GABA from the cholinergic amacrine cells. This indicates that the cholinergic amacrine cells can secrete acetylcholine and GABA. Retinas were double-labeled with [14C]GABA and [3H]acetylcholine, allowing simultaneous measurement of their release. The release of [14C]GABA was found to be independent of extracellular Ca2+. Radioactive GABA synthesized endogenously from [14C]glutamate behaved the same way as radioactive GABA accumulated from the medium. In the same experiments the simultaneously measured release of [3H]acetylcholine was strongly Ca2+-dependent, indicating that the releases of acetylcholine and GABA are controlled by different mechanisms. Synaptic vesicles immunologically isolated from double-labeled retinas contained much [3H]acetylcholine and little or no [14C]GABA. These results suggest that the cholinergic amacrine cells release acetylcholine primarily by vesicle exocytosis and release GABA primarily by means of a carrier.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Role of Transmitter Uptake Mechanisms in Synaptic Neurotransmission
Iversen, L. L. (1971) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07066.x · Cited by 776
Buckley, K. M., & Kelly, R. B. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.100.4.1284 · Cited by 713
Jung, M. J., Lippert, B. J., Metcalf, B. W., Böhlen, P., & Schechter, P. J. (1977) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10721.x · Cited by 481
Eckenstein, F. P., & Thoenen, H. (1982) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01175.x · Cited by 442
Kosaka, T., Tauchi, M., & Dahl, J. L. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247609 · Cited by 417
The shape and arrangement of the cholinergic neurons in the rabbit retina
Tauchi, M., & Masland, R. H. (1984) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1984.0085 · Cited by 385
Self-citationDepolarization Without Calcium Can Release γ-Aminobutyric Acid from a Retinal Neuron
Schwartz, E. A. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2443977 · Cited by 345
Autoradiographic identification of acetylcholine in the rabbit retina.
Masland, R. H., & Mills, J. W. (1979) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.83.1.159 · Cited by 286
Self-citationCholinergic amacrine cells in the rat retina
Voigt, T. (1986) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902480103 · Cited by 284
Pharmacological analysis of directionally sensitive rabbit retinal ganglion cells
Ariel, M., & Daw, N. W. (1982) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014105 · Cited by 282
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kaufman, D. L., Houser, C. R., & Tobin, A. J. (1991) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08211.x · Cited by 789
Two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase: why?
Soghomonian, J., & Martin, D. L. (1998) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01270-x · Cited by 643
Direction selectivity in the retina: symmetry and asymmetry in structure and function
Vaney, D. I., Sivyer, B., & Taylor, W. R. (2012) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3165 · Cited by 330
Ion channel expression by white matter glia: The O-2A glial progenitor cell
Barres, B. A., Koroshetz, W. J., Swartz, K. J., Chun, L. L. Y., & Corey, D. P. (1990) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90109-s · Cited by 306
Role of ACh-GABA cotransmission in detecting image motion and motion direction
Lee, S., Kim, K., & Zhou, Z. J. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.031 · Cited by 241
Metadata
- Authors
- O'Malley, D. M., & Masland, R. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3414-3418
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC287143
- OpenAlex
- W2126180763
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey005747-10, 5r37ey001075-23)
- National Eye Institute (R37 EY01075, R01-EY05747)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- acetylcholine release, gamma-aminobutyric acid release, cholinergic amacrine cells, retinal neurons, CO release, calcium-dependent exocytosis, synaptic vesicles, potassium-evoked release, rabbit retina
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Autoradiography, Calcium, Carbon Radioisotopes, Choline, Fluorescent Dyes, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamates, Indoles, Magnesium, Neurons, Potassium, Rabbits, Retina, Tritium, Glutamic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
