Role of ACh-GABA cotransmission in detecting image motion and motion direction
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Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) process complex visual signals in the retina using both acetylcholine (ACh) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but the synaptic organization and function of ACh-GABA corelease remain unclear. Here, we show that SACs make cholinergic synapses onto On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) from all directions but make GABAergic synapses onto DSGCs only from the null direction. ACh and GABA were released differentially in a Ca(2+) level-specific manner, suggesting the two transmitters were released from different vesicle populations. Despite the symmetric cholinergic connection, the light-evoked cholinergic input to a DSGC, detected at both light onset and offset, was motion- and direction-sensitive. This input was facilitated by two-spot apparent motion in the preferred direction but supressed in the null direction, presumably by a GABAergic mechanism. The results revealed a high level of synaptic intricacy in the starburst circuit and suggested differential, yet synergistic, roles of ACh-GABA cotransmission in motion sensitivity and direction selectivity.
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Paired recordings from neighboring retinal neurons demonstrated monosynaptic transmission of both Ach and GABA from SACs to direction-sensitive retinal ganglion cells.
“More recently, an elegant study employing paired recordings from neighboring retinal neurons demonstrated monosynaptic transmission of both Ach and GABA from SACs to direction-sensitive retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs).86”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
Ach and GABA release from SACs are differentially sensitive to calcium concentration and calcium channel antagonists, suggesting separate vesicle populations.
“Ach and GABA release are differentially sensitive to calcium concentration and calcium channel antagonists, suggesting separate vesicle populations.86”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
GABA release from SACs is restricted to dendrites of postsynaptic DSGCs' null direction, whereas Ach release is not spatially restricted.
“Release of GABA from SACs is restricted to the dendrites of the postsynaptic DSGCs' null direction, whereas release of Ach is not spatially restricted.”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
Ach and GABA are segregated into different synaptic vesicles and/or axonal boutons to endow single SACs with spatial selectivity over cotransmission.
“These studies suggest that Ach and GABA are segregated into different synaptic vesicles and/or axonal boutons to endow single SACs with spatial selectivity over cotransmission of neurotransmitters.”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
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- Authors
- Lee, S., Kim, K., & Zhou, Z. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Z. Jimmy
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1159-1172
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3094727
- OpenAlex
- W1991368688
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY10894, R01EY010894, P30EY000785, R01EY017353)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- acetylcholine, GABA, co-transmission, starburst amacrine cells, direction-selective ganglion cells, motion detection, direction selectivity, cholinergic synapses, GABAergic synapses, calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release, retinal circuitry
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Motion Perception, Synaptic Transmission, Photic Stimulation, Rabbits, Retina, Synapses, Amacrine Cells
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