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Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions.
Open accessAbstract
Attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccine strains specifically mutated in genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) are still capable of causing mild to moderate diarrhea. Culture supernatants of V. cholerae strains, both CT-positive and CT-negative, were examined in Ussing chambers, and a toxin was found that increases the permeability of the small intestinal mucosa by affecting the structure of the intercellular tight junction, or zonula occludens. The activity of this toxin is reversible, heat-labile, sensitive to protease digestion, and found in culture supernatant fractions containing molecules between 10 and 30 kDa in size. Production of this factor (named ZOT for zonula occludens toxin) correlates with diarrheagenicity of V. cholerae strains in volunteers and may represent another virulence factor of infectious diarrhea that must be eliminated to achieve a safe and effective live oral vaccine against cholera.
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Citations
Cited by
Intestinal barrier function: molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis
Groschwitz, K. R., & Hogan, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.038 · Cited by 1,775
Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier
Martens, E. C., Neumann, M., & Desai, M. S. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0036-x · Cited by 711
Anatomical and physiological parameters affecting gastrointestinal absorption in humans and rats
DeSesso, J. M., & Jacobson, C. F. (2001) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00136-8 · Cited by 528
Enteric bacterial toxins: mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion
Sears, C. L., & Kaper, J. B. (1996) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.60.1.167-215.1996 · Cited by 508
Self-citationSturgeon, C., & Fasano, A. (2016) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384 · Cited by 497
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fasano, A., Baudry, B., Pumplin, D. W., Wasserman, S. S., Tall, B. D., Ketley, J. M., & Kaper, J. B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1991-06-15
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5242-5246
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2042220177
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Fasano, A., Baudry, B., Pumplin, D. W., Wasserman, S. S., Tall, B. D., Ketley, J. M., & Kaper, J. B. (1991). Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.12.5242
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