CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 314Barrier Structure and Function StudiesDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsIon Transport and Channel Regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Blood-brain barrier glucose transporter is asymmetrically distributed on brain capillary endothelial lumenal and ablumenal membranes: an electron microscopic immunogold study.

Open access
Farrell, C L, Pardridge, W M·1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5779PMC PMC51961
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

It is generally assumed that there is symmetric distribution of the glucose transporter on the lumenal and ablumenal membranes of the brain capillary endothelial cell that makes up the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. However, the presence of brain endothelial tight junctions allows for asymmetric distribution of BBB plasma membrane proteins. Glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT-1), the principal glucose transporter at the BBB, was assessed in rat brain in the present studies using immunogold electron microscopy. The distribution of the immunoreactive GLUT-1 protein on the endothelial lumenal membrane, the ablumenal membrane, and the cytoplasmic compartment was 12%, 48%, and 40%, respectively, and no significant immunolabeling of the neuropil was measurable. These studies suggest (i) that GLUT-1 is asymmetrically distributed on the BBB plasma membrane with an approximately 4-fold greater abundance on the ablumenal membrane as compared to the lumenal membrane; (ii) that approximately 40% of the endothelial glucose transporter protein is contained within the cytoplasmic space, which provides a mechanism for rapid up-regulation of the transporter by altered distribution of transporter between cytoplasmic and plasma membrane compartments; and (iii) that no significant labeling of neuropil is found with antisera directed against the GLUT-1 protein. These studies also suggest mechanisms of regulation of glucose transport from blood to brain that involve differential distribution of the BBB glucose transporter in subcellular compartments of brain capillary endothelial cells.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5779

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 32 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–314 of 314

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Farrell, C. L., & Pardridge, W. M.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID
Pardridge, W M
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
1991-07
Volume
88
Issue
13
Pages
5779-5783
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.88.13.5779
PMC
PMC51961
OpenAlex
W1985944040
Cited by
314
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 9
FWCI
8.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p01ns025554-08)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01-NS-25554)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
blood-brain barrier, GLUT1, glucose transporters, brain microvascular endothelial cells, tight junctions, subcellular localization, glucose transport regulation, cytoplasmic compartments, rat brain
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Cell Compartmentation, Cell Membrane, Endothelium, Vascular, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review