The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Open accessAbstract
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis the synovial membrane of the affected joint is infiltrated with lymphoid cells which may be arranged in structures resembling germinal centers. We have directly isolated such infiltrates to determine whether B-cell clones within them are selected and expanded in a process analogous to that which normally takes place in the germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs. The data suggest that an antigen-driven process leads to the accumulation of B cells in the synovial membrane. The finding of identical sequences in consecutive sections suggests that under conditions of chronic stimulation, memory B cells may enter a stage of differentiation in which they proliferate without further accumulation of somatic mutations. Further we see intraclonal diversity which underlines the germinal center-like character of these infiltrates and demonstrates that a microenvironment is built up in this nonlymphoid tissue which supports antigen-dependent differentiation of B cells. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a germinal center-like reaction outside lymphoid tissue.
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Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres
Jacob, J., Kelsoe, G., Rajewsky, K., & Weiss, U. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354389a0 · Cited by 1,090
Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers
Berek, C., Berger, A., & Apel, M. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90289-b · Cited by 907
Self-citationThe role of clonal selection and somatic mutation in autoimmunity
Shlomchik, M. J., Marshak-Rothstein, A., Wolfowicz, C. B., Rothstein, T. L., & Weigert, M. G. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/328805a0 · Cited by 701
Mutation Drift and Repertoire Shift in the Maturation of the Immune Response
Berek, C., & Milstein, C. (1987) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1987.tb00507.x · Cited by 632
Self-citationThe Immunopathology of Joint Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Zvaifler, N. J. (1973) · Advances in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60299-0 · Cited by 559
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Germinal centres in T-cell-dependent antibody responses
Liu, Y.-J., Johnson, G. D., Gordon, J., & MacLennan, I. C. M. (1992) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(92)90199-h · Cited by 432
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Cited by
The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
McInnes, I. B., & Schett, G. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1004965 · Cited by 5,514
B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights
Lee, D. S. W., Rojas, O. L., & Gommerman, J. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-00092-2 · Cited by 658
Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity
Elsner, R. A., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.006 · Cited by 526
Humby, F., Bombardieri, M., Manzo, A., Kelly, S., Blades, M. C., Kirkham, B., Spencer, J., & Pitzalis, C. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0060001 · Cited by 537
Autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases: specificity and pathogenicity
Suurmond, J., & Diamond, B. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78084 · Cited by 337
Metadata
- Authors
- Schröder, A. E., Greiner, A., Seyfert, C., & Berek, C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1996-01-09
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 221-225
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2054686030
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 15.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.93.1.221
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- Schröder, A. E., Greiner, A., Seyfert, C., & Berek, C. (1996). Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.221
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
