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Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1)
Open accessAbstract
Modification by SUMO-1 is proposed to play a role in protein targeting and/or stability. The SUMO-1-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 interacts with androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. We show here that AR is covalently modified by SUMO-1 (sumoylated) in an androgen-enhanced fashion and identify the principal acceptor site in the N-terminal domain of AR. Substitutions of sumoylated Lys residues enhanced transcriptional activity of AR without influencing its transrepressing activity. Interestingly, the same Lys residues form the cores of the recently described transcriptional synergy control motifs in AR [Iñiguez-Lluhi, J. A. & Pearce, D. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol . 20, 6040–6050]. These motifs, which match perfectly with the sumoylation consensus sequence, are also present in the N-terminal domains of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and progesterone receptor. Taken together, our data suggest that reversible sumoylation is a mechanism for regulation of steroid receptor function.
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Cited by
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Smith, C. L., & O’Malley, B. W. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2003-0023 · Cited by 931
De Bosscher, K., Vanden Berghe, W., & Haegeman, G. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0006 · Cited by 898
Heemers, H. V., & Tindall, D. J. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0019 · Cited by 753
Members of the PIAS family act as SUMO ligases for c-Jun and p53 and repress p53 activity
Schmidt, D., & Müller, S. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052559499 · Cited by 448
Hietakangas, V., Ahlskog, J. K., Jakobsson, A. M., Hellesuo, M., Sahlberg, N. M., Holmberg, C. I., Mikhailov, A., Palvimo, J. J., Pirkkala, L., & Sistonen, L. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.23.8.2953-2968.2003 · Cited by 309
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Metadata
- Authors
- Poukka, H., Karvonen, U., Jänne, O. A., & Palvimo, J. J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-12-19
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 14145-14150
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1975658312
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 25.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Poukka, H., Karvonen, U., Jänne, O. A., & Palvimo, J. J. (2000). Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.26.14145
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