Cited by 931Estrogen and related hormone effectsNuclear Receptors and SignalingPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

Coregulator Function: A Key to Understanding Tissue Specificity of Selective Receptor Modulators

Smith, Carolyn L., O’Malley, Bert W.·2004·Endocrine Reviews

Abstract

Ligands for the nuclear receptor superfamily control many aspects of biology, including development, reproduction, and homeostasis, through regulation of the transcriptional activity of their cognate receptors. Selective receptor modulators (SRMs) are receptor ligands that exhibit agonistic or antagonistic biocharacter in a cell- and tissue context-dependent manner. The prototypical SRM is tamoxifen, which as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can activate or inhibit estrogen receptor action. SRM-induced alterations in the conformation of the ligand-binding domains of nuclear receptors influence their abilities to interact with other proteins, such as coactivators and corepressors. It has been postulated, therefore, that the relative balance of coactivator and corepressor expression within a given target cell determines the relative agonist vs. antagonist activity of SRMs. However, recent evidence reveals that the cellular environment also plays a critical role in determining SRM biocharacter. Cellular signaling influences the activity and subcellular localization of coactivators and corepressors as well as nuclear receptors, and this contributes to gene-, cell-, and tissue-specific responses to SRM ligands. Increased understanding of the effect of cellular environment on nuclear receptors and their coregulators has the potential to open the field of SRM discovery and research to many members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/er.2003-0023

Cites

333 of 333 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

2 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Smith, C. L., & O’Malley, B. W.
Affiliations
Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Smith, Carolyn L.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Published
2004-02-01
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
45-71
ISSN
  • 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7189
OpenAlex
W2039871782
Cited by
931
References
333
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 55
FWCI
11.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK53002)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Keywords
coregulators, transcriptional coactivator, corepressors, nuclear receptors, tissue specificity, tamoxifen, estrogen receptor, signal transduction, subcellular localization, transcriptional regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Ligands, Organ Specificity, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Tamoxifen, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Feedback, Physiological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review